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By means of three years investigation of peach-blossom cultivars found in Beijing, and based on the classification system of flower culti-vars presented by professor Chen Junyu, the author uses the branching habit as the first classification criterion, flower-form as the second criterion, and flower-color, number of petals and calyces as the third criterion.

作者在北京市桃花品种调查的基础上，以枝姿作为第一级分类标准；以花型作为第二级分类标准；以花色、花瓣数、花萼数等作为第三级分类标准。并将花瓣5枚的定为单瓣；花瓣10—40枚的定为复瓣；40枚以上的定为重瓣。

Bacteria which concentration more than or equal to 10~2/ml in CSF can be enriched effectively by means of centrifugalization when the relative centrifugal force is 5753xg and centrifugalization time is 15min and the rate of positive cultivation of pathogenic bacteria in clinical specimen can be improved by centrifugalization with high speed.

离心法不能使脑脊液中浓度低于10~2/ml的细菌浓集；在离心力5753×g离心时间为15分钟的离心条件下，采用离心法能使脑脊液中浓度大于等于10~2/ml的细菌得到最佳浓集，提高临床标本中细菌培养的阳性率。

The immunological competence of the expressed protein was tested by means of Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and its biological activity was assayed by chicken chorioallantoic membrane and Matrigel angiogenesis assay.

酶联免疫吸附和Western blot技术检测纯化的VEGF165蛋白免疫学活性，鸡胚尿囊绒毛膜实验和matrigel血管形成实验检测其生物学活性。

Study on cobaltous recovery from cathode leachate of lithium-ion battery by salting out ;2. Then further study was made on extracting pectin from the orange skin by means of salting out with mixed salt for the best condition investigation.

通过浸取、碱溶依次从柑橘皮中提取出橙黄色素、橙皮甙后，利用混合盐析的方法进一步做提取果胶的研究与探讨，对提取果胶的最佳条件进行摸索，并测定这种物质的含

This paper is based on the fundamental theories of the civil law and the current laws and regulations, defines spiritual damages as doing damage to the spiritual activity of the citizen and legal person, points out the intension of the compensation for spiritual damages for conciliating the spiritual agony suffered by victims and compensating the impairment of spiritual interests by means of material.

本文立足于民法的基本理论和现行法律法规，将精神损害界定为对公民和法人精神活动的损害，指出精神损害赔偿的内涵为用物质方式抚慰受害人遭受的精神痛苦和精神利益的减损。

This work contributed essentially to optimal planning of refinery management. A strategy for solving the decision problem of short—term refinery planning is proposed, that is, to obtain the real time information of unit operations and environmental conditions by means of computer simulation, to dynamically configurate and modify the decision model depending on both simulation and expert reasoning, to make decision analysis and short—term production plan with the aid of expert simulation system. In this paper, a new approach cellad ESDSS was proposed by integrating DSS and expert simulation system . As a case study of ESDSS, a so called RESDSS was constructed, which is composed of seven subsystems, namely: data base subsystem, model base subsystem, method base subsystem, knowledge base subsystem, experiment base subsystem, human computer interaction subsystem, and expert simulation executing subsystem. The main results and contributions of this work are as follows:(1) A novel approach of DSS named ESDSS was proposed, which integrates DSS and ESS.

本文关于炼油生产专家仿真决策支持系统原型的研究从炼油企业优化生产管理的角度出发，以&利用仿真技术获取装置操作和环境条件的动态变化信息，依靠专家方法仿真实现决策模型的生成和修改，凭借专家仿真决策支持系统辅助高层领导者实施决策分析和制定短期生产计划&作为炼油生产短期计划决策问题的求解策略，在综合考虑决策支持系统（Decision Sup-port Systems，简称DSS）和专家仿真系统（Expert Simulation System，简称ESS）特点的同时把这两个系统结合在一起而提出&专家仿真决策支持系统（Ex-pert Simulation Decision Support System，简称ESDSS）&这一新的构思。

In the present study,in order to explore the roles of estrogen and progestin in epilepsy and elucidate their mechanisms of action, we utilized animal seizure models induced by intracerebroventricular coriaria lactone and intraperitoneal bemegride, studied the effects of estrogen and progestin on central nervous system functions in behavior,electrophysiological,cellular,molecular and gene levels by means of neuroelectrophysiology, flow cytometry, high performance liquid chromatography, immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization techniques.

为了探索雌、孕激素在癫痫发病中的作用，阐明其作用机制，本工作分别以马桑内酯侧脑室注射致痫、贝美格（Be腹腔注射致痫大鼠为实验对象，采用神经贫血电生理、流式细胞美白免疫荧光、高效液相色谱、美白免疫细胞化学、原位杂交早泻技术，从整体、行为、细胞、分子以及基因水平研究发现了雌、孕激素对大鼠中枢神经贫血系统功能的影响。

The present invention can make the iron loss of oriented steel sheet stably reduce by 5%, and can prevent its surface coating from being damaged and curvedly deformed by means of heat-transfer and mechanical analysis and regulation of the parameters, including laser energy, power, pulse-width and scanning speed.

经传热和力学分析，调整激光能量，功率，脉宽，扫描速度等参数，实现对取向度硅钢片既稳定降低铁损5％，而又不发生表面涂层破坏和弯曲变形。

By means of the transmission electron microscope we found the typical morphology variation of apoptosis,such as the concentration and side-accumulation of the nuclear chromatin,the fragmentation of the nuclear and the concentration of the cytochylema etc.Cell cycle detected by flow cytometry showed one visible apoptosis peak (20.6%) in front of the peak of G1.The typical ladder was found in the 15 g.L-1 agarose gel electrophoresis of the nucleus DNA.

透射电镜下可见细胞核染色质浓缩、边集、核碎裂及胞质浓缩等凋亡细胞典型的形态学改变；流式细胞术周期分析显示在G1期峰前存在一个凋亡峰（20.6％）；核琼脂糖凝胶（DNA 15 g.L-1）电泳呈梯状。

The poetic interpretations of Zhao Shuli's literary creation of the advanced productive forces are stated by means of two layers: one is to state vividly the facilitative or debilitative role of relations of production in productive forces by narration; the other is to state vividly the facilitative or debilitative role of superstructure in productive forces.

赵树理文学创作对先进生产力发展要求的诗意言说，主要通过两个层面加以表述：一是通过讲故事的方式形象述说生产关系对生产力的阻碍抑或促进作用；二是通过讲故事的方式形象言说上层建筑对生产力的阻碍抑或促进作用。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷