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Experimental results show that hydrogen can be produced by the reaction between nitric acid with a given concentration and aluminum handled by means of mercuric bichloride solution under room temperature. Whereas hydrogen is not detected without aluminum handled by mercuric chloride solution.

研究发现，室温下用去膜并经氯化汞溶液处理过的铝箔与一定浓度的稀硝酸作用可产生氮气，而未经氯化汞溶液处理的铝箔与稀硝酸作用几乎检测不到氮气的生成。

On general average disbursements, other than the wages and maintenance of master, officers and crew and fuel and stores not replaced during the voyage, shall be allowed in general average, but when the funds are not provided by any of the contributing interests, the necessary cost of obtaining the funds required by means of a bottomry bond or otherwise, or the loss sustained by owners of goods sold for the purpose, shall be allowed in general average.

但如果款项不是由任何分摊方提供，则为了通过船舶抵押合同或其他方法筹得款项所发生的必要费用或为此目的变卖货物而使货主遭受损失，均应认入共同海损。

Firstly, the decision matrix is transformed into an objective matrix, and then the weight of every objective is determined by means of entropy coefficient method. By Integration of experts' knowledge, the acceptable lower bound of degree of satisfaction and acceptable upper one of degree of dissatisfaction of every objective are decided. At last, by using the weight vector and the acceptable lower boun...

首先将决策矩阵转化为目标矩阵，然后利用熵权系数法计算各个目标的权重，综合专家的意见得到对于每个目标可以接受的满意度的下界和不满意度的上界，最后利用得到的权重向量以及得到的满意度的下界和不满意度的上界计算各方案的vague估计值，将得到的vague估计值按照评分函数进行排序，得到方案的排序结果。

After mainenervations being drawn out and being dried for 4 hours at 60℃,1156 samples of tobacco leaves from different tobacco producing-area were made into powder (≤0.13 mm). Reducing sugar, total sugar, nicotine, nitrogen, potassium and chlorine of more than 1000 samples from different tobacco producing-area were determined with classical chemical or instrumental methods. By scanning these samples with Fourier transform Near Infrared spectrometer (MARIXT-I produced by Bucker) we obtained their spectrograms, pretreated the spectrograms with a chemometrics software (OPUS 5.5) to debase the noises influence on spectrum information, and built a chemometrics model by means of Partial Least2Squares. The chemometric model was optimized some times and validated with some other samples.

选取全国不同烟草生产地区的1156余烟叶样品，采用相同的预处理条件(去处主脉，60℃烘干4小时)，处理成40目待测粉末样品，采用行业经典的化学分析方法或准确可靠仪器方法测定其常规成分含量，在条件一致(20℃～24℃，环境湿度≤40 RH%)的实验室环境中，使用市场上主流的傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(德国BRUKER公司生产的MARIXT-I)上进行图谱扫描，采用OPUS5.5化学计量学软件，对光谱进行适当的预处理，减弱以至于消除各种噪声对光谱信息的影响，用偏最小二乘回归法建立常规成分预测模型，并进行了反复优化和未知样品模型外验证。

Therefore, have produced a large number of idioms related to navigation and fishing; For example, spend money like water likens and spends money wasting, wasteful; Go by the board shows " to fail, fails "; Burn one's boats likens " cuts off all means of retreat and gives up the route of retreat by oneself "; All at sea shows the meaning of " at a loss "; Like a fish out of water likens " it is uneasy to be in the strange environment " etc..

由此，产生了大量的与航海和捕鱼有关的习语；例如， spend money like water比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚； go by the board表示"落空，失败"； burn one's boats比喻"破釜沉舟，自断退路"；all at sea表示"不知所措"的意思；like a fish out of water比喻"处在陌生的环境中不自在"等等。

The cartographic generalization system can be used to generalize contours and rivers. Although it don't realize completely automation, most tasks can be done by the program, and by means of the interactive method, the results are similar with the results generalized by cartographer.

该系统实现了等高线以及河流的综合，虽然不是完全的自动化，但是可以把大部分的工作交给程序实现，主要通过人机交互的方式，尽量使综合后的结果与手工综合的结果相一致。

It is demonstrated that the chiral quaternary ammonium salts catalysts exhibit promising catalytic properties for the substrate. Part III: The synthesis and the characterizing of the macroporous aminomethyl resin-supported cinchona alkaloid complexes and the study on its catalytic properties The part consists of two subsections. the macroporous aminomethyl resin -supported cinchona alkaloid complexes were synthesized by the stuff (cinchonine, quinine and macroporous aminomethyl resin). Their structures were characterized by means of elemental analysis, XPS, TG/DTA; the chiral polymer-supported complexes were first used as catalysts for the reduction of ketones. Their catalytic properties for the reduction processes were investigated. The comparison of the products e.e., the conversion of the substrate among different reduction processes was employed with determined by HPLC. The effects of the time, the temperature, the ratio of catalyst to substrate, reaction solvent as well as the recycle times were also discussed.

第三章聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱金属络合物的合成与表征及其不对称催化性能研究本章分为两节，以辛可宁和奎宁及聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯为原料，合成了4种聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱络合物催化剂，并对它们的结构用元素分析、X-射线光电子能谱、TG/DTA等几种测试手段进行了表征；首次将所合成的手性高分子负载的金属络合物用于催化芳香酮不对称还原反应，详细研究了所得的手性高分子负载的金属络合物对不同底物的催化性能，用HPLC等分析手段定量检测了还原过程的底物转化率及其产物对映异构体选择性，并考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂和底物投料比、反应溶剂和循环次数对催化性能的影响。

At first, the protections and circuit breakers are taken as conditional attributes and faulty region as decision-making attribute, various faults are investigated and decision table is established; then by use of attribute reducing method based on cognizable matrix and information entropy the optimal attribute reduction combination is extracted; finally, by means of the reduction decision table formed by optimal attribute reduction combination, the naive Bayesian networks model is built and the nodal probability is trained.

首先以保护、断路器作为条件属性，故障区域作为决策属性，考察各种故障情况并建立决策表，然后利用基于可辨识矩阵和信息熵的属性约简方法提取最佳属性约简组合，最后以最佳属性约简组合形成的约简决策表建立朴素贝叶斯网络模型，并对节点概率进行训练。

This paper studies by means of documents research, surveys by questionnaires, comparativeness and statistics, it analyses relative factors which affect cadres、 managers、 professional personnal、 workers stratum diversity of ways of leisure sports among city dwellers and makes a comparison on ways of leisure sports of several social strata. Finally, this paper predicts ways of leisure sports possibly taken by future city dwellers, and summits suggestions on social polices related to leisure sports to make sure that different social stratum has the right to take up leisure sports.

本研究运用文献资料、问卷调查、比较法、数理统计等方法，分析了影响福州市居民休闲体育活动方式的相关因素，并从社会分层的视角，对党政干部、企业经理管理人员、专业技术人员、产业工人四类社会不同阶层的休闲体育活动方式的差异进行了比较与分析；最后，对未来城市居民的休闲体育进行预测，并从保障城市不同社会阶层从事休闲体育权利的角度出发，针对与休闲体育相关的社会政策提出了若干建议。

Aim of the article was to provide a new approach of the fingerprint diagram research for TCM by means of spectrometry, which was capable of indicating the character of TCM. For the purpose of getting indication of NIRDRS convolution fingerprint diagram, the visualization technology was adopted to display the information which have been processed by convolution transform, then color-coded image was displayed in computer and the similarity coefficient was worked out between the fingerprint diagrams by cosine formula. Part one Theory and system design The spectrometry (UV/Vis, NIR, IR) is disadvantageous in the fingerprint analysis of complex systems both its difficulty of specificity and the similarity of TCM.

本文的研究目标是采用光谱手段，建立能够标示中药特性的指纹图谱技术，为中药指纹图谱研究提供新的思路和方法：通过采集中药的光谱信号，结合有"数学显微镜"美誉的小波变换技术，对光谱信号进行数据挖掘，捕捉和研究物质对光吸收特性的变化，大幅度增加可供利用的信息；同时运用科学计算可视化手段及伪彩色图像处理技术，得到基于虚拟直观计算机图像信息的中药光谱指纹图谱，并将该指纹图谱应用于药物的鉴别分析。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。