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The drag force acting on particles by gas phase is calculated based on empirical correlation proposed by Di Felice, and the counter force of particles to gas phase in a gas grid is determined based on PSIC method.

本文对密相流化床内流化过程的模拟较好地复现了气泡在流化床内的形成、分离、移动、长大及破裂的周期性变化以及相邻气泡间的合并和变形过程。

Also the response amplitude will be changed with the initial conditions due to the nonlinear properties of the cables.Taking the bending stiffness, cable sag and cable inclination into consideration, the space vibration control of the cables using the visco-elastic dampers in cable-stayed bridges is investigated by joining the center difference method and the state space strategy. Both the maximum modal damping ration and the optimal damper size are obtained, then the practical suggestions are proposed for the design of the dampers. The space nonlinear vibration equations of the cable-damper system are derived, and anew hybrid method for solving the cable-damper system is presented by combing the Newmark method and Pseudo-force technology. According to the known properties of the cable-damper system, the nonlinear transient responses are analyzed under all kinds of excitations. Based on the transient response, the control effectiveness of the visco-elastic dampers is further demonstrated.

综合考虑了拉索抗弯刚度、垂度的影响，研究了粘弹性阻尼器对斜拉桥拉索的空间振动控制，联合中心差分方法及状态空间法，得出了拉索面内、外振动各阶模态可能达到的最大阻尼比及相应的最优阻尼器系数，并对斜拉桥拉索的阻尼器设计提出了参考建议：考虑拉索抗弯刚度、垂度及几何非线性，导出了索-阻尼器系统的空间振动非线性方程组，结合Newmark方法及伪力(Pseudo-Force)方法，创新地提出了求解非线性方程组的杂交方法，根据拉索-阻尼器系统的阻尼特性，在各种荷载作用下，对索-阻尼器系统的非线性瞬态振动响应进行了研究，从系统响应的角度更加直接地验证了阻尼器的控制效果。

In the method of time-frequency the phase of unbalanced force is confirmed by analysis of time domain and amplitude of unbalanced force is confirmed by analysis of frequency.

在这种时-频动平衡方法中，用时域分析来确定不平衡力的相位，用频域分析来确定不平衡力的大小。

The force of valid legislation can be specified by the validity of protective force or abiding force,the validity of presume-legal or the validity of invariableness and the validity of fulfill...

立法主体的有效性、立法事项的有效性、立法程序的有效性和立法结果的有效性共同构成立法活动的有效性；立法的保护力与约束力、公定力与确定力、执行力与强制力均是立法作用力的体现。

The purpose of this article: to study the force-testing method of the side-kick in free-fighting, and develop the new field of three dimensional force-testing according to many experiments by means of three-dimensional force plate; to discover the kinematics rules and characteristics of the side-kick in free-fighting through the experimental study on the side-kick's biomechanics and kinematics characteristics of 18 excellent free-fighting athletics coming from Shandong Province, which will provide reliable kinematics indexes and parameters for diagnosing and improving the motion skills of free-fighting side kick,and for free-fighting teaching and training, further systemize and scientize the theory research of free-fighting motion.

研究目的：运用生物力学的研究方法，通过KISTLER 三维测力平台测力的实验，研究了散打侧踹腿动作的力量测试方法，开拓了散打侧踹腿动作三维力学测试的新领域；通过对山东省18 名一线优秀散打运动员侧踹腿动作力学特征和运动学特征的研究，揭示了散打侧踹腿动作的运动规律和特征，为诊断、改进和提高侧踹腿动作的技术以及散打教学和训练提供可靠的运动学指标和参数，使散打运动的理论研究进一步系统化、科学化。

Seven polyimides were synthesized and their films were uniaxially stretched to observe the variation in their in-plane birefringence. The creep method of DMA was used instead in stretching the PI films. The preload force and isothermal temperature were the two controlled factors that were chosen on the basis of the lowest stretchable force and lowest temperature for each PI structure. The elongation ratio of a PI film was then decided by the stretching time.

在此是以DMA 的另一种试片拉伸方式-Creep模式，来取代之前的Stress Relaxation模式对PI薄膜试片进行拉伸实验，Creep模式是以最低的拉伸力量及最低的拉伸温度的前提下，选择Pre-load Force与Isothermal Temperature这二项为拉伸控制因素，在此状态下的PI薄膜拉伸比是取决於其拉伸的时间，此种拉伸模式将可得到较高的拉伸比，而高的拉伸比是获取较高薄膜双折射率的必要条件。

The method is as follows that the two ends of a nanometer are fixed on two pivots and an axial micro-pulling force T is applied on the nanometer; an electrode is arranged on the middle part of the side of the nanometer and an alternate voltage is applied on the electrode to motivate the nanometer to generate resonance, and therefore, the natural frequency f of the nanometer is measured and acquired; according to the material characteristics and the geometry characteristics of the nanometer as well as the boundary condition of the nanometer material, the relation between the natural frequency and the axial pulling force of the nanometer, namely the f-t curves of the nanometer, can be calculated by a vibration equation; according to the measured natural frequency f, the size of the micro-pulling force T can be acquired.

该方法将一根纳米材料的两端固定在两个支点上，给纳米材料施加一个轴向的微小拉力T；在纳米材料的侧面，位于该纳米材料的中部放置一个电极，在电极上施加一个交变的电压激励纳米材料使其发生共振，测得纳米材料的固有频率f；根据纳米材料的材料特性和几何特征以及纳米材料的边界条件，由振动方程计算出该纳米材料的固有频率与所受的轴向拉力的关系，即纳米材料的f-T曲线；根据上述测得的固有频率f，得到微小拉力T的大小。

A new study idea that makes the occupant injury prevention research and CAD/CAE technology on an integrate mathematical model by means of feature theories and feature design technologies was brought, and it is maybe useful if we study automobile passive safety on a new view of point.The conclusions of this thesis included that what are the main factors of airbag-related injuries and the preventive measures, based on the research of the relationships between injury parameters, such as HIC, chest acceleration, neck force, neck moment, femur axial force etc, and impact speed, belt-use, occupant size (50th and 5th), sitting position and so on. The thesis evaluated whether the effectiveness of the airbag can be increased by making the airbag adaptive to the crash conditions, and points out that the size of the ventilation hole has the dominating influence on the performance of the airbag and is a key factor for intelligent airbag, multi-stage and lower-power inflator can cost effectively minimize the risk of injury to occupants from crashes. It is important for the researchers of intelligent airbag to keep the small size unbelted occupants in focus and it is necessary to study deeply the influence of airbag fold patterns and the extremity out-of-position situation. These topics are important in the study of occupant injury prevention and vehicle safety design.

论文研究得出产生气囊损伤的主要原因和防护措施；在研究汽车碰撞速度、安全带使用情况、乘员的体型5~(th和50~、乘员乘坐的位置等不同事故条件作用下，乘员的头部、颈部、胸部和腿部损伤参数变化规律的基础上，论文从能量因素出发，深入研究了安全气囊卸载能力、气体发生器产气能力和气囊折叠对乘员损伤参数的影响，指出起卸载作用的排气孔其截面积是智能型安全气囊最重要的控制参数之一，以及采用降能展开或二次充气气囊有助于提高汽车安全防护性等重要结论；论文在参数分析的基严内容提要2 础上得出的智能型安全气囊应以不佩戴安全带的5乘员作为主要防护目标进行研究、有必要深入研究气囊折叠形式和司机处于极端离位状况时对损伤参数的影响等结论，对深入进行汽车乘员碰撞损伤研究和汽车安全性设计都具有重要的理论和工程实际意义。

During the New Moon (the 1st of a lunar month) and the Full Moon (the 15th of a lunar month) when the Earth, Moon, and Sun lie in a straight line, the solar and the lunar tides overlap and the sea-level pressure is lower than the mean at the Airport, because the tide-producing force induced by the Sun and Moon reaches maximum. On the other hand, during the First Quarter (the 7th day of a lunar month) and the Last Quarter (the 21st of a lunar month) the Sun-Earth's and the Moon-Earth's relative positions are perpendicular to each other with respect to Earth, the solar and the lunar tides interfere mutually, the Airport sea-level pressure is greater than the annual mean due to the tide-producing force reaching minimum.

松山机场在朔望月里，每逢阴历朔日或望日，受太阳与月球之引潮力(Tide-producing force)方向一致，太阳潮和太阴潮重叠影响，其全日和逐时平均海平面气压比年平均为低；而每逢上弦和下弦时，日地与月地的相对位置成直角，太阴潮和太阳潮相干扰，其全日和逐时平均海平面气压则比全年平均为高。

The authors analyze the operation characteristic of distance protection of transmission line connecting wind farm with power grid under the variation of parameters such as the amplitude ratio of electromotive force at both sides, the phase difference of electromotive force at both sides, equivalent impedance of sources, system frequency and so on; based on the real-time current and electromotive force at wind farm side as well as the information of wind power generators participating power generation, a method to adaptively set the operation boundary of distance protection by use of the information at wind farm side only is proposed.

文章分析了风电场和电网联络线的距离保护随电源电势幅值比、电势相位差、电源等效阻抗、系统频率等参数变化时的动作特性，并基于风电场侧的实时电流和电势与参与发电的发电机信息，提出了仅利用风电场侧信息量自适应整定保护动作边界的方法。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。