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By the change he has effected in his mode of life, man is no longer necessarily dependent on his physical organism for the means of his subsistence, and in cases where he is still so dependent, such as those of the agriculturist, the artisan and others who earn a living by manual labour, he employs his muscles in new ways, in mechanical repetitions of the same act, or in modes of labour which are far removed from those called forth by primitive conditions.

随着人类生活方式的变化，他已经无需倚赖身体斗争谋生了。而对于农民、手工艺人及其他依然需要通过体力劳动谋生的人来说，肌肉的使用也发生了变化，有时不断机械重复同一动作，有时则采用与原始状态下的活动完全不同的全新方式工作。

Breed of hound dog known for being destructive and causing mischief if left alone and for almost never barking; often described as deerlike because of its grace and speed while hunting; coat is short, smooth, and fine textured and can be red, black and tan, or black (any of which may have white markings as well); large, erect ears are set far forward on head and may be slightly hooded; short tail curls tightly over rump and is sometimes tipped with white; deeply furrowed brow is a distinctive feature of the breed; eyes are oval-shaped and dark hazel or dark brown; adult stands 16 17 in.(41 43 cm) tall at shoulders and weighs 22 24 lbs (10 11 kg); sometimes called Congo dog because the pair that gave rise to the first known Western litter were imported from the Congo into England in 1936; cleans itself fastidiously, much like a cat; tends to have an aloof demeanor; prized by the pharaohs of Egypt as hunting dogs and adopted by the tribes of the Congo much later; called African bush dog by the English because British explorers first found this dog wandering in the African bush.

巴辛吉小猎犬是一种产于非洲大陆的小猎犬品种，以其具有破坏性和孤独时的调皮捣蛋以及几乎从来不吠叫而著名；当它进行捕猎时，因为它的速度和优美的风度而经常被形容成鹿；皮毛短而光滑，有着很好的质感，有红色，黑色，黄褐色（任何颜色中都混有白色的标记）；大而坚挺的耳朵距离较远地分布在头部两侧并轻微地往前罩盖；短小的尾巴紧凑地卷曲在臀部上方，部分巴辛吉小猎犬的尾部顶部呈白色；脸部眉部有深深的皱纹也是品种与其他品种的区别；眼睛深褐色或者深棕色呈椭圆形；成年巴辛吉小猎犬站立肩高41—43公分，体重22—24公斤；有时候也被称为刚果狗，因为第一对巴辛吉小猎犬于1936年从刚果引入英国；巴辛吉小猎犬经常一丝不苟的清理自己，有些像猫；具有冷漠的举止；作为猎犬曾受到埃及法老的赞扬，之后为刚果部落所使用；当它首先被英国探险者在非洲灌木丛中发现时被称为非洲灌木狗。

The following are deemed the principal means:(1) To destroy radically by open persecution of the Church or by a hypocritical fraudulent system of separation between State and Church, all social influence of the Church and of religion, insidiously called "clericalism", and, as far as possible, to destroy the Church and all true, ie, superhuman religion, which is more than a vague cult of fatherland and of humanity;(2) To laicize, or secularize, by a likewise hypocritical fraudulent system of "unsectarianism", all public and private life and, above all, popular instruction and education.

以下是被视为主要是指：（ 1 ）破坏从根本上公开迫害教会或由一个虚伪欺诈系统之间的隔离状态和教会，所有的社会影响力的教会和宗教，阴险的所谓" clericalism "，并，尽量摧毁教会和所有真正的，即超人的宗教，这是多一个空泛的邪教的祖国和人类的；（ 2 ） laicize ，或secularize ，由一个同样的虚伪欺诈系统" unsectarianism "，在所有公共和私人生活，高于一切，通俗的指导和教育。

Based on the concept of averaging electromagnetic field, the optical constants of Goodwin synthetic ash, Chinese Qitaihe coal ash and Russian ash Br-1 were calculated by Maxwell-Garnett and Bruggeman effective medium theory. Computational results show that, for the synthetic coal slag, the optical constants estimated by EMT consist with the experimental values, but for the coal-ash produced in combustion, the optical constants estimated by EMT using industrial analytical species deviate far from the experimental values.

基于电磁场平均的概念，利用Maxwell-Garnett和Bruggeman有效介质理论分别对Goodwin人工合成灰渣、中国七台河矸石煤灰、俄罗斯褐煤灰Br-1 3组煤灰的光学常数进行计算，结果表明，人工合成灰渣光学常数的有效介质理论值与实验值吻合，而利用工业分析成分，燃烧生成煤灰光学常数的有效介质理论值与实验值有较大偏差。

I soon found a way to convince him that I would do him no harm, and taking him up by the Hand laugh'd at him, and pointed to the Kid which I had kill'd, beckoned to him to run and fetch it, which he did; and while he was wondering and looking to see how the Creature was kill'd, I loaded my Gun again, and by and by I saw a great Fowl like a Hawk sit upon a Tree within Shot; so to let Friday understand a little what I would do, I call'd him to me again, pointed at the Fowl which was indeed a Parrot, tho' I thought it had been a Hawk, I say pointing to the Parrot, and to my Gun, and to the Ground under the Parrot, to let him see I would make it fall, I made him understand that I would shoot and kill that Bird; accordingly I fir'd and bad him look, and immediately he saw the Parrot fall, he stood like one frighted again, notwithstanding all I had said to him; and I found he was the more amaz'd, because he did not see me put any Thing into the Gun; but thought that there must be some wonderful Fund of Death and Destruction in that Thing, able to kill Man, Beast, Bird, or any Thing near, or far off; and the Astonishment this created in him was such, as could not wear off for a long Time; and I believe, if I would have let him, he would have worshipp'd me and my Gun: As for the Gun it self, he would not so much as touch it for several Days after; but would speak to it, and talk to it, as if it had answer'd him, when he was by himself; which, as I afterwards learn'd of him, was to desire it not to kill him.

可怜的星期五上次曾看到我用枪打死了他的敌人，但当时他站在远处，弄不清是怎么回事，也想象不出我是怎样把他的敌人打死的。可这一次他看到我开枪，着实吃惊不少；他浑身颤抖，简直吓呆了，差一点瘫倒在地上。他既没有去看我开枪射击的那只小羊，也没有看到我已把小羊打死了，只顾扯开他自己的背心，在身上摸来摸去，看看自己有没有受伤。原来他以为我要杀死他。他跑到我跟前，扑通一声跪下来抱住我的双腿，嘴里叽哩咕噜说了不少话，我都不懂。但我不难明白他的意思，那就是求我不要杀他。我马上想出办法使他相信，我决不会伤害他。我一面用手把他从地上扶起来，一面哈哈大笑，并用手指着那打死的小羊，叫他跑过去把它带回来。他马上跑过去了。他在那里查看小山羊是怎样被打死的，并感到百思不得其解。这时我趁此机会重新把枪装上了子弹。不久，我看见一只大鸟，样子像一只苍鹰，正落在我射程内的一棵树上。为了让星期五稍稍明白我是怎样开枪的，就叫他来到我跟前。我用手指了指那只鸟--现在我看清了，其实那是一只鹦鹉，而我原先把它当作苍鹰了。我刚才说了，我用手指了指那只鹦鹉，又指了指自己的枪和鹦鹉身子底下的地方，意思是说，我要开枪把那只鸟打下来。

In France, in most cases, one quickly shows signs of impatience, by raising one's eyes to the ceiling with an exasperated expression, by taking on an exhausted look, by stiffening or clamming up, or by exchanging with others glances of complicity. But one does not speak to others--all is expressed through body movements. At most, one might protest,"grumble" out loud while looking at one's neighbor, but without speaking to him directly. One simply makes him an accomplice against the cashier, the store, the system, those who are "going too far". In the Unite States, the situation is completely different.

在拥挤的超市里，人们排起长长的队伍等候结帐，多数情况下，法国人很快就显出不耐烦，他们或恼怒地两眼望天，或露出疲惫不堪的表情，或挺直了身子闭口不言，或彼此交换同病相怜的眼神，总之，谁也不和谁说话，最多也就是看看相邻的人，发句牢骚，根本没有说话的意思，所有的情绪都通过体态动作来表现，人们完全把自己与收银员、商店、制度和那些太极端的人相对立起来；而在美国，情形将会大不相同。

The result indicates that three groups of concrete beams strengthened by anchor-bolted steel plate can be loaded as far as they were destroyed; compared with unstrengthened beams ,these beams strengthened by steel plate using adhesive or anchor all can achieve a seventy percent higher loading capacity and thirty percent higher stiffness. On the condition that with the same steel plate ,concrete beams strengthened by bolting steel plate can work as good as those beams strengthened by using adhesive.

试验结果表明：三种锚固布置方式加固梁都能保证钢板与混凝土联合工作直至梁破坏；与未加固梁比较，锚固钢板加固梁和外粘钢板加固梁一样，都能有效提高梁的承载力和刚度，其中承载力提高幅度约为70%；刚度提高约为30%，这说明在钢板量相同的情况下，锚固钢板加固梁能够达到与粘结加固基本相同的加固效果。

I soon found a way to convince him that I would do him no harm, and taking him up by the Hand laugh'd at him, and pointed to the Kid which I had kill'd, beckoned to him to run and fetch it, which he did; and while he was wondering and looking to see how the Creature was kill'd, I loaded my Gun again, and by and by I saw a great Fowl like a Hawk sit upon a Tree within Shot; so to let Friday understand a little what I would do, I call'd him to me again, pointed at the Fowl which was indeed a Parrot, tho' I thought it had been a Hawk, I say pointing to the Parrot, and to my Gun, and to the Ground under the Parrot, to let him see I would make it fall, I made him understand that I would shoot and kill that Bird; accordingly I fir'd and bad him look, and immediately he saw the Parrot fall, he stood like one frighted again, notwithstanding all I had said to him; and I found he was the more amaz'd, because he did not see me put any Thing into the Gun; but thought that there must be some wonderful Fund of Death and Destruction in that Thing, able to kill Man, Beast, Bird, or any Thing near, or far off; and the Astonishment this created in him was such, as could not wear off for a long Time; and I believe, if I would have let him, he would have worshipp'd me and my Gun: As for the Gun it self, he would not so much as touch it for several Days after; but would speak to it, and talk to it, as if it had answer'd him, when he was by himself; which, as I afterwards learn'd of him, was to desire it not to kill him.

其实，对星期五，我根本用不着采取任何防范措施。任何其他人都不可能有像星期五这样忠诚老实、听话可爱的仆人。他没有脾气，性格开朗，不怀鬼胎，对我又顺从又热心。他对我的感情，就像孩子对父亲的感情，一往情深。我可以说，无论何时何地，他都宁愿牺牲自己的生命来保护我。后来，他的许多表现都证明了这一点，并使我对此毫不怀疑。因此，我深信，对他我根本不用防备。

Therefore we have optimized the experimental system and the working status of instrument.2 The near-field SERS spectra and images for the [Ru_3]~(2+) molecule adsorbed on silver nanoparticle substrate were achieved. Based on the results, some specific phenomena for near-field SERS were found. By observing the near-field SERS spectra collected at different location at the nano-scale, the different spectral characteristics which are caused by the local environmental differences of molecules have been found. On the substrate, the highly SERS active sites are much more than SEF hot spots, and the distribution of them is not entirely consistent. This phenomenon could be explained by the influences of several factors including the different enhancement efficiencies existed for SERS and SEF, the quenching effects for fluorescence by the metal substrate and metal-coated tip, and the presence of different numbers of probing molecules in SERS and SEF.3 It is of interest that the near-field and far-field SER spectra demonstrate several distinctively different spectral features.

由于SNOM与SERS的结合在技术上将面临很多实际困难，例如近场激发信号极其微弱、纳米级微弱光谱的收集对实验精度和环境稳定性的苛刻要求等，因此我们对实验体系和仪器工作状态分别进行了优化。2获得了银纳米粒子SERS基底上[Ru_3]~(2+)分子在纳米尺度下的近场SERS光谱和图像，从中可以发现一些近场SERS效应特有的现象：通过观察不同位置得到的近场SERS光谱可以发现，在纳米尺度下，由于分子所处局域环境不同而体现出不同的光谱特征；此基底具有极高SERS活性的位点远多于表面增强荧光热点，且两者的分布并不完全一致。

The Western mission, defined by Alexander the Great, was to civilize the known world through conquest, a project later taken up by Rome, by the Crusaders, by Sayyid Qutb , an ideological founding father of radical Islam, referred to "the Crusader spirit that all Westerners carry in their blood," the characterization seems far-fetched and arcane to most Westerners.

佩登在十字军和东西方历史记忆方面提出的一个观点还颇值一提。伊斯兰激进派祖师赛义德·库特布曾撰文写道：&所有西方人血液里都流着十字军的野心&。这种看法对于大多数西方人来说都牵强附会、难以接受。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。