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A L(superscript ∞) bound estimate is provided on the solutions of a semi-linear parabolic system by the theory of phase transitions. The existence of solutions of corresponding hyperbolic system of conservation laws is studied by viscosity methods and compensated compactness framework.

讨论来源于物理相变理论的一类半线性抛物型方程组解的一致L估计，该结果是利用粘性法和补偿列紧框架研究相应的双曲型守恒律解的存在性的重要内容。

A L∞bound estimate is provided on the solutions of a semi-linear parabolic system by the theory of phase transitions.The existence of solutions of corresponding hyperbolic system of conservation laws is studied by viscosity methods and compensated compactness framework.

讨论来源于物理相变理论的一类半线性抛物型方程组解的一致L∞估计，该结果是利用粘性法和补偿列紧框架研究相应的双曲型守恒律解的存在性的重要内容。

There are six points below serving as reasons: firstly, solvency report reveals company's solvency status at certain time point and discrete view regarding quarter as discrete accounting period is consistent with ideas of insurance surveillance and management; secondly, deferrals and withdrawals in advance of expenses in integral view make confirmed assets and liabilities inconsistent with definitions of admitted assets and ranking liabilities; thirdly, taking into account cost and expenses of the entire year also brings unnecessary troubles to accounting measurement; fourthly,"integral view" is more dependent on professional judgment and estimate by accounting personnel, which is likely to lead to incomparability of company's solvency reports; fifthly, it is consistent with provisions of enterprise accounting standards of our country, which is convenient for company to compile solvency report; sixthly, it is in compliance with methods adopted by most developed countries, which is helpful for international comparison.

其原因有以下六点：第一，偿付能力报告反映公司在某一时点上的偿付能力状况，"独立观"将季度视为独立的会计期间与保险监管的理念一致；第二，一体观下费用的递延和预提使确认的资产和负债不符合认可资产和认可负债的定义；第三，会计估计考虑全年的成本和费用也给会计计量带来不必要的麻烦；第四，"一体观"较多地依赖于会计人员的职业判断和估计，可能会导致不同公司的偿付能力报告不可比；第五，与我国的企业会计准则的规定一致，便于公司编制偿付能力报告；第六，与多数发达国家采用的方法一致，有利于国际比较。

To fill this gap, the enhanced Poincaré inequality was obtained by considering the additional conservation law of momentum and by rigorous estimate of integral inequality.

为解决这个差异，利用周期带域上的Eady模型的动量守衡的性质，通过变分方法和积分的精细估计，建立一个加强的Poincairé积分不等式，从而证明了Eady模型的线性稳定意味着非线性稳定。

This paper considers weighted estimate s of polynomial operator spectra by using the methods of integral,Rayleigh theorem and Schwartz inequality and establishes the inequality of upper bound of the(n+1) spectrum by depending on the former n spectra and the estimated coefficient is independent of the measure of the domain.

考虑多项式算子谱的带权估计，利用分部积分、Rayleigh定理、Schwartz不等式等方法，建立了用前n个谱来估计第n+1个谱的上界的不等式，且其估计系数与区域度量无关。

So far, the soils limit analysis result in engineering practice is often obtained by taking experimental or semi-experimental measures, and it is very difficult to estimate the departure with the actual conditions. But by using KEM, the precision of soils limit analysis can be enhanced.

目前对此类实际工程问题大多是作大量的简化得到经验、半经验的结果，与实际情况之间的计算误差难以估计，而KEM（运动单元法，Kinematical ElementsMethod）则可以从根本上提高分析结果的精度。

Now Mycenae may have been a small place, and many of the towns of that age may appear comparatively insignificant, but no exact observer would therefore feel justified in rejecting the estimate given by the poets and by tradition of the magnitude of the armament.

现在的Mycenae可能是个不起眼的地方，那个时代的许多城镇可能现在都不太重要，但是严谨的观察者不会因此否认诗人和传说众对大规模战争的估计。

In accordance with these questions, one kind of method solving these issues was put forward in this text, and namely adopting mathematics to build the method of pattern, by w-ay of studying the big needle drum system of PASSIM's cigarette machine, to use the mathematical model of big needle drum system of " black box " method establishment, and uses whole parameter and the correlation coefficient to map out the big needle drum system mathematical model of least square method, the question time lapse that what in accordance with the system exists pure adopts Smith compensator to estimate the compensator in advance solving the issue of system lag, and uses whole fixed method of frequency conversion control engineering and PLC's control engineering and PID etc to put into effect transforming to the system, and finally by way of theory verify and reality to verify to prove the success of system transformation.

针对这些问题，本文提出了一种解决这些问题的办法，即采用数学建模的方法，通过研究PASSIM卷烟机大针鼓系统，利用"黑匣子"方法建立大针鼓系统的数学模型，并运用最小二乘法整定出大针鼓系统数学模型的参数及相关系数，针对系统存在的纯时滞问题，采用史密斯预估计补偿器来解决系统滞后的问题，并利用变频控制技术和PLC控制技术、PID参数整定方法等对系统实施改造，最后通过理论验证和实际验证证明了系统改造的成功。

The first step is selecting a rain gauge as rainfall center by taking turns and adding the nearest rain gauge step by step to estimate the rainfall ratio relation of the same time with respect to the different distance separately. The last step is utilizing Weibull function can inquire into the return periods. Then, the ARF of Tamshui River basin is established.

研究中，先以某个雨量站当成点降雨中心，并逐次纳入邻近雨量站，即可分别得到不同距离下、同时间之雨量比值关系，依序置换不同雨量站为中心进行相同之分析，并利用威伯点绘法，进一步推求重现期距，即可建立研究区域之不同重现期距、不同延时与面积递减关系之ARF曲线。

The stem was cut into several segments away from the pine seeding, arranged and collected in the order of chronology time and distance from where they were inoculated. To separate B.xylophilus coarsely out from the stems and made them into paraffin slices. And be observed under the potics microscope by dyed with safranin-fast green contrast-stain method and PI fluorescence stain method. In order to find out how about the nematode rigour distributing , but also ebb and flow of their amounts after invading the host pine seeding. Seek the pathological changing orderliness of host cells in different position along with the remotion of nematodes. By deeply analysing the variety of host cell nucleolus to estimate whether the host cell took place the programmed cell death after inoculated B.xylophilus.

按时间进程和与接种点上下距离的远近，对松苗分茎段进行粗分离和制作成石蜡切片，分别用番红-固绿双重染色法和碘化丙锭荧光染色法在光学显微镜下观察，以了解线虫侵染后在寄主体内的准确分布和数量的消长，寻找随着线虫的移动扩散，寄主不同部位细胞病变的数量、速度发生的变化规律，并进一步通过分析其细胞核的变化来判定松材线虫侵染后是否能诱发寄主细胞发生程序性死亡(programmed cell death，PCD)。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。