查询词典 by estimate

Fist, comprehensive analysis on the current study on data processing is made, and characters of Newton methods about nonlinear surveying and mapping data processing are discussed, and then new solutions to parameters estimate with multi-sources, multi-types, multi-dimension, multi-precision bynonlinear least square are presented such as PSB algorithm, digital continuation and generalized digital continuation algorithm, cone model method, tensor analysis method, GCMA(mixed algorithm of gradient method and conjugate gradient method), combining algorithm based on Newton method and gradient method and confidence region and so on, and a new fast difference iterative algorithm is proposed towards parameters estimation containing random parameters in nonlinear models, and a new solutions to nonlinear least squares surveying and mapping adjustment by parameters estimation both considering the random and nonrandom parameters is presented after studying on nonlinear data processing in deformation monitoring, and at last primary analysis on error propagation of spatial data is made and approximate error propagation formula and error analysis formula to length and area are proposed.

首先比较全面分析了目前测量数据处理理论的研究现状，讨论了牛顿类方法在处理非线性模型参数估计方面的特点，研究并给出了求解多源、多类型、多维、多精度、非线性最小二乘测量平差参数估计的若干种新方法，这包括PSB算法、数值延拓及其广义数值延拓算法、锥模型法、张量分析法、基于最速下降法和牛顿法的组合算法、基于最速下降

You can estimate the distance of the storm by counting the time between the lightning and the thunderbolt.

你可以计算闪电和打雷的时间间隔来估计暴风雨的距离。

Under the condition of the following factors concerning the optimization models:the investment cost, operating cost, unfair cost, payment evade cost, drivers' extra cost and environmental pollution cost, this paper raises the optimized models of multi-modes payment of toll collection system and its algorithm is proposed by SAGA hybrid optimization strategy, which can simultaneously optimize the following results: the optimum locations of toll stations, numbers of toll stations, the numbers of different tolling modes' tollgates of every toll station, ETC users' discount rate, and can estimate the installation rate of TAG of every toll station, the actual traffic flow capacity of different tollgate, can obtain the best toll collection system under the different simulated decision conditions.

本文充分考虑了驾驶员缴费技术选择与缴费车道选择的特性，提出了驾驶员缴费方式随机选择模型；在考虑了收费系统的投资成本、营运成本、不公平成本、漏收成本、驾驶员的额外成本和环境污染成本等因素的基础上，提出了多收费方式收费系统的优化模型，提出采用模拟退火遗传算法进行收费系统寻优的算法，可同时优化出一个收费系统的收费站位置与数量、不同收费站不同收费方式的收费车道数和ETC用户的折扣率等参数，可估算不同收费站TAG的安装率、不同收费车道实际使用量，可模拟不同决策情境下的最佳系统资源配置方案。

And since, to uncover relationships between customers and profits, most direct marketers rely heavily on data about actual customers - who are only a subset of the total pool of possible customers-they are bound almost by necessity to estimate the relation- ship between acquisition, retention, and profits incorrectly.

因此，为了揭示客户与利润间的关系，大多数直销人员偏重于依赖实际客户的数据，而实际客户只是所有可能的客户总库中的一个子集，最后注定他们对客户的获取、维持与利润之间的关系的评估是不正确的。

In order to estimate the trafficability of off-road vehicles, the linear relationships between the pressure and the stiffness of the tire and the action of the vertical tire force with the viscoelasticity are analyzed. The method to improve the precision of the model by the coefficients is presented.

为了评价越野车辆通过性能力，分析了胎压与轮胎刚度之间的线性关系和轮胎材料的粘弹性特性对轮胎垂向力分布的影响，提出了用系数修正胎压对刚度和有效接地面积影响提高精度的方法。

By constructing the Lyapunov function with a special structure, prior estimate and the solution of ordinary different equation, we prove the main result, i.e., the trivial solution has global asymptotic stable behavior.

构造具有特殊结构的Lyapunov函数，并通过解的先验估计和常微分方程的定解，证明了主要结论，即平凡解全局渐近稳定。

CS/Gel HPN gel was made and its forming mechanism was characterized by infra-red spectrum and x-ray diffraction. Turthermore, DSC, conductivity titration and turgidity titration were employed to estimate the interaction mechanism between there two biopolymers as well as the properties of HPNs

制备壳聚糖/明胶杂混聚合物网络凝胶，用红外光谱、X射线衍射等测试手段表征了HPN的形成机理，并采用DSC、电导滴定、浊度滴定等方法进一步对两种生物高分子的相互作用机理及HPN的性能做了探讨，结果表明

The researchers estimate that there also was about a 70% probability that the prominent Tycho crater on the moon, formed 108 million years ago and measuring about 85 kilometres across, was also carved out by a remnant of the earlier asteroid collision.

研究人员估计，月球上著名的第谷陨石坑形成于1.08亿年前，直径约85公里，也是那次较早小行星碰撞造成的。这种可能性为约70%。

It is proved that by the LS algorithm, the parameter estimated is asympototically unbiased, and a consistent estimate of true value.

并证明了本文提出的LS算法的参数估计是其真值的一致，无偏估计。

Financial perspective is based on the incremental discounted future cash flows that woula result from a branded product's revenue over the revenue of an unbranded product.The asset representing the brand is included in the firm's assets on the balance sheet.the finacial perpectives also adopt the financial market value_based technique to estimate a firm's brand equity.one of the most publicized fiancial methods is used by Finacial World in its annual listing of worldwide brand valuation.Financial World's formula calculates net brand-related profits and assigns a multiple based on brand strength.

财务的角度，是基于增量贴现未来现金流量即woula结果从一个品牌的产品的收入超过收入的一品牌产品的资产，代表品牌是包含在该公司的资产就平衡sheet.the金融perpectives也采取财政市场value_based技术来估计一个公司的品牌equity.one的最宣传fiancial方法是用金融世界，在其年报上市的全球品牌valuation.financial世界的公式计算的净品牌有关的利润，并指派多基于品牌strength.obviously ，强大的品牌，更高的多重应用的收益。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。