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By construction, all of these methods require Nyquist-rate sampling of received signals to estimate a small number of DOA's in angle space, which is very expensive in some applications such as radar or radio astronomy.

通过构建，所有这些方法都要求接收信号的奈奎斯特率取样来估计角度空间的小数量的DOA，这在像雷达或射电天文学之类的某些应用中是非常昂贵的。

Ross-Ibarra defends his estimate by explaining that his team couldn't age the bushes using radiocarbon dating, because they couldn't find any old pieces of wood.

Ross-Ibarra为他的估计做出的辩护是他的团队不能使用放射性碳测试年龄的方法来确定这些灌木的年代，因为他们无法找到旧的木头片。

The effects of standard deviation of random variables and system size on computational accuracy are investigated by several numerical examples and two points estimate method are recommended when computational accuracy and execution time are considered in a comprehensive way.

数值仿真分析了随机变量标准差和系统规模对点估计法计算精度的影响，并指出在综合考虑计算精度和计算时间的情况下，2点估计法的结果令人满意。

Astrometry with new technologies created and is dedicated to the Space Telescope astrometric space orbit around the Earth observation and research on the scientific .1989 8 8, the European Space Agency launch astrometric Satellite Iba Valley satellite, which contains a 29 cm diameter reflecting telescope, four ground stations for data reception and analysis with the aim of space-based observations compiled by 120,000 to contain space for satellite measurement of star form, the location accuracy of ± 0002, parallax measurement accuracy ± 0002, on their own a year 0002, CDCDCD preliminary estimate of the above three data are now actual for the 0004,0003 and 0005; CDCDCD190 year in April the U.S. launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, containing 24 m diameter Wang C far mirror can work 15-20 years, 17-18 so you can measure the parallax of stars, are hundreds of thousands of stars of the measurement results.

伴随天体测量新技术而产生，是专门用于天体测量的空间望远镜在围绕地球的空间轨道上进行观测研究的科学。1989年8月8日，欧洲空间局发射天体测量卫星伊巴谷号卫星，它载有口径29厘米反射望远镜，4个地面观测站进行资料接收与分析，目的是要通过空间观测编出含星12万颗的空间测量星表，位置精度为±0002，测量视差的精度为±0002，自行为每年0002，CDCDCD现在初步估计上述三个数据实际为0004、0003和0005；CDCDCD190年4月美国发射哈勃空间望远镜，载有口径24米的望C远镜，可工作15—20年，可以测量出17—18等星的视差，得到几十万颗星的测量结果。

This paper studies the application of smart antennas to the downlink in the FDD-CDMA. We estimate thedownlink channel covariance matrix and the relative interference to users of the other cells by using the uplink data., and present a method for downlink beamforming , i. e., we obtain the minimum relative interference to other users while the constanttransmitting power is guaranteed.

本文研究了智能天线在FDD-CDMA中的下行链路的应用，利用上行链路接收数据，估计了下行链路的信道相关矩阵和对其它小区用户的相对干扰总量，给出下行链路的波束形成方法，即在保证一定的有效发送功率的同时，使得对其他小区的用户干扰最小。

On the other hand , illuminated by close relation between harmonic maps and sumanifold theory, we have also researched in-depth about some relative problems in submanifolds theory which include: the estimate of heat kernel and eigenvalue and it geometric application of submanifolds with or without boundary; many kinds of pinching problem of submanifolds which include the rigidity theorem, topological sphere theorem, differential sphere theorem and topological finite theorem.

另外，鉴于调和映照与子流形之间的密切关系，我们还要深入研究子流形几何中与之相关的一些问题，主要包括：带边与不带边子流形的热核与特征值估计及其几何应用；子流形的刚性定理、拓扑球定理、微分球面定理、拓扑有限性定理等各类Pinching问题。

While as the most promising receiver-driven layered multimedia transmission scheme, RLM with shared-learning scales with the size of the group, but it also raises a few questions. To address this problem, we enhanced the RTP protocol so that receiver can estimate the round-trip time in much the same way as the method specified in RTP standard which is adopted by sender to calculate the RTT.

为此我们通过对RTP协议进行加强，使得接收者也能够采取与原有的RTP协议中发送者对于往返传输时间的估计类似的方法来估计到RTP源的往返传输时间RTT，并根据TCP吞吐量模型计算出同等条件下的TCP连接占用的带宽，从而动态地选择加入或者丢弃某层。

Spurious timeout is very harmful to TCP. Two kinds of approaches were proposed to mitigate this problem, conservative approach and aggressive approach. In conservative approach, a conservative RTO, minRTO, is used. When RTO estimate form RTT is less than minRTO, it is set to minRTO. This makes RTO become predictable and may be exploited by attackers.

在TCP里，错误的逾期会造成相当大的伤害，而已经存在有两种类的方法来减轻这个问题，我们称他们为保守措施与积进措施，在保守措施里有用到一个保守重送逾期值(RTO， Retransmission Timeout) minRTO，当根据RTT 所估算出来的RTO小於 minRTO 时，RTO就会被设为minRTO，这样的做法会让RTO变成是可预测的，进而可能被攻击者利用。

The slope estimate is the sample covariance between x and y divided by the sample variance of x.

斜率估计量等于样本中x和 y 的协方差除以x的方差。若x和 y 正相关则斜率为正，反之为负。

If theharmonic index is finite,then each end may be represented by a non-constant positiveharmonic function,and these functions compose a partition of unity.For minimalhypersurfaces with finite total scalar curvature,we can explicitly estimate the harmonicindex.Moreover,the space of bounded harmonic functions are exactly generated bythose functions associated to each end.This gives geometric interpretations of the ends.

若调和指标有限，则每个端均可由一非常值的调和函数代表，它们形成了一个单位分解，对于全纯量曲率有限的极小超曲面，我们明确地估计了调和指标，进一步，有界调和函数正好由代表端的那些调和函数所生成，这就给出了端的几何解释。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。