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To improve the pointing accuracy of the telescope mount and the capability of daylight tracking, it is necessary to do more study on the error of telescope axes. The present thesis analyses many kinds of factors that cause the pointing error of telescope mount, and discusses the method for correcting the pointing error by setting up telescope mount model in detail.

本文详细分析了望远镜机架指向产生偏差的各种因素，讨论了通过建立望远镜机架指向误差模型的方法来修正望远镜机架指向误差的方法，通过使用CCD观测恒星来求解望远镜机架指向误差模型参数。

Fist, comprehensive analysis on the current study on data processing is made, and characters of Newton methods about nonlinear surveying and mapping data processing are discussed, and then new solutions to parameters estimate with multi-sources, multi-types, multi-dimension, multi-precision bynonlinear least square are presented such as PSB algorithm, digital continuation and generalized digital continuation algorithm, cone model method, tensor analysis method, GCMA(mixed algorithm of gradient method and conjugate gradient method), combining algorithm based on Newton method and gradient method and confidence region and so on, and a new fast difference iterative algorithm is proposed towards parameters estimation containing random parameters in nonlinear models, and a new solutions to nonlinear least squares surveying and mapping adjustment by parameters estimation both considering the random and nonrandom parameters is presented after studying on nonlinear data processing in deformation monitoring, and at last primary analysis on error propagation of spatial data is made and approximate error propagation formula and error analysis formula to length and area are proposed.

首先比较全面分析了目前测量数据处理理论的研究现状，讨论了牛顿类方法在处理非线性模型参数估计方面的特点，研究并给出了求解多源、多类型、多维、多精度、非线性最小二乘测量平差参数估计的若干种新方法，这包括PSB算法、数值延拓及其广义数值延拓算法、锥模型法、张量分析法、基于最速下降法和牛顿法的组合算法、基于最速下降

This paper analysed generating mechanism of the dynamic error induced by the model truncation error and presented a method of varying shift matrix to reduce the effect of the model truncation error on system performance.

文中分析了产生动态偏差的机理，提出了一种根据截断误差大小选取不同位移矩阵来校正截断误差的方法，减小了截断误差对系统性能的影响。

In the intersatellite coherent optical communication, the vibration of a satellite will lead to a pointing error of transmitting and receiving antennas, which will decrease the signal-to-noise ratio and increase the bit error rate. In this paper, the Rayleigh distribution is taken as the pointing error model caused by satellite vibration, and PSK homodyne communication scheme is used as an example to analyze the influence of the satellite vibration on the system instantaneous BER and average BER. The simulation calculation result of BER is given.

针对星间相干激光通信中卫星平台的振动造成发射天线和接收天线的瞄准角误差，使系统信号信噪比下降，误码率增加，该文以瑞利分布作为振动造成的瞄准角误差模型，结合高斯本振光和艾里信号光外差检测模型，以PSK零差通信体制为例分析卫星振动对系统的瞬时误码率和平均误码率的影响，给出误码率仿真计算结果。

Differing from the feed-back error compensation method, the selflearning error pre-compensation method offered by the paper is based on both ANN and time series technique to obtain the error pre-compensating curve using the non-linear ANN pre-compensation model. Because of the self-learning character of the ANN, this new type of precompensation model can be self-adjusted.

与常规的反馈补偿方法不同，本文提出的自学习误差预测补偿方法，将时间序列预测与神经网络的自学习自适应优化建模技术相结合，利用神经网络非线性预测模型产生误差预补偿函数，并利用神经网络的自学习特性对所建预测模型进行修正，所以这种新型的误差补偿方法能够获得更高的误差补偿精度和控制速度，简单实用，适于推广，具有生产应用价值。

This paper discusses some application cases of the error propagation law by the examples of trigonometrical survey, and presents that not only sum function and numeral multipling function in which there is only one independent observed value but also more complex functions which are equal in mathematics are not opposite in the process of error propagation according to the error propagation law.

1引言本文以三角测量为例，对误差传播定律一些应用问题进行了讨论，指出当只有一个独立的观测值时，和函数与倍数函数运用误差传播定律不会出现悖论；如果在测量工作中有多余的直接观测值，就需用平差后的间接观测值按协方差传播律来计算，这样数学中相等的函数关系才能得到同样的函

In this paper,the position accuracy improving method of the opening CNC system based on PMAC is analyzed,the servo-control algorithm which involves PID,velocity/acceleration feed forward control and notch filter and the error compensation function provided by PMAC is discussed,the pitch error compensation and the clearance error compens.

文章分析了在基于 PMAC 的开放式数控系统中提高定位精度的具体方法，对 PMAC 所提供的&PID+速度/加速度前馈+陷波滤波器&的伺服控制算法和误差补偿功能进行了阐述，将螺距误差补偿和间隙误差补偿应用于航空航天领域某型测控系统的系统误差补偿中，取得了良好效果。

The meshing of FG drives with misalignment, which includes shaft angle error, shaft crossing error and axial shift error, is analyzed by using the continuous tangency of pinion and FG to obtain the equations of tooth contact analysis, and visualizing contact path, and studying the effect of errors on the shift of it. A computational procedure of tooth contact is developed in this paper.

在具有安装误差的面齿轮传动的啮合分析中，建立了在有轴交角误差、轴交错误差和轴向偏移误差情况下的齿面接触轨迹所满足的方程，提出了一种求解接触点参数的策略；对齿面接触轨迹进行了可视化；分析了各类误差对齿在接触轨迹的影响。

And by comparing the actual clock, find out the source of the error and determined the method of adjusting error, reduce errors as much as possibly, so this system can achieve a practical digital clock with error within the permissible range.

并且通过对比实际的时钟，查找出了误差的来源，确定了调整误差的办法，尽可能的减少误差，使得系统能达到实际数字钟的允许误差范围内。

And by comparing the actualclock, find out the source of the error and determined the methodof adjusting error, reduce errors as much as possibly, so thissystem can achieve a practical digital clock with error within thepermissible range.

并且通过对比实际的时钟，查找出了误差的来源，确定了调整误差的方法，尽可能的减少误差，使得系统可以达到实际数字钟的允许误差范围内。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。