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The factors affecting postfrac productivity are discussed in the paper. The grey associability ordering indicated that the postfrac productivity was lowly correlated with the permeability interpreted by the original log data and mainly influenced by porosity, then effective thickness, and then shale content and formation pressure. In light of the genetic neural network method, the productivity of gas well was predicted by use of the log data through programing and model training. The error detecting result proved that the model was reliable and a good application effectiveness was obtained.

文章对压后影响产能的因素进行了讨论，灰关联度排序表明，压后产能与原始测井解释的渗透率关联性小，而主要影响因素依次是孔隙度、有效厚度、泥质含量和地层压力；引用遗传神经网络法，编制预测程序，利用测井资料通过模型训练，对气井的产能进行预测，误差检验验证了模型的可靠性，取得了良好的应用效果。

First of all, Cauchy inequality is used to obtain a basic inequality. Secondly, the functions of basis are made by Galerkin method, and the error estimates of eignevalues are obtained by Cauchy inequality. At last, the computational method of the approximate value of the eigenvalues turns out immediately, and accuracy of the-th approximate value is estimated by the n-tb approximate value.

首先利用Cauchy场不等式证明了一个基本不等式；其次采用Galerkin方法来构造适当的基函数，并利用Cauchy不等式给出了其特征值计算的误差佑计式；最后得到计算梁横向振动问题的特征值的近似值的算法，而且可以用第n次近似值来估计第n-1次的近似值的精确度。

The phase of optical wave can be recovered by the intensity transport equation under the paraxial approximation For the optical system with diffraction limit, it is difficult to get the boundary radical slope of phase and sample in the circular domain boundary when using the intensity transport equation to recover the phase, consequently, we reviewed an algorithm mentioned in the reference ［4］, namely, the equation, computation domain and boundary condition are changed, then the phase is reconstructed by the multigrid method and corrected at last Moreover, the experiment system is set to testify the algorithm, and the recovered phase from the intensity data detected by CCD is compared with the result from phase retrieval algorithm, it is found that the phase reconstruction error can reach 017 λ in the case of non-uniform intensity distribution, as a result, the method is suitable for the phase recovery with low wavefront sensing accuracy.

在傍轴近似条件下，可以利用光强传播方程对畸变波前进行相位恢复。对于衍射受限的光学系统，很难获得相位的边界径向斜率值作为边界条件，此外，要获得精确的圆域边界采样值也并非易事。为了克服上述困难，进一步研究了相位恢复改进方法，即改变了方程的表示形式、计算区域和边界条件，并用多重网格法进行求解获得重构相位，最后再将其修正。为了验证算法的精确性，搭建了实验系统对算法进行实验验证，将由CCD探测的光强分布进行计算得到的相位分布与相位恢复算法的结果进行比较，证明在光强分布非均匀的情况下，该方法恢复的相位均方根误差能够达到017 λ，可以适用于波前传感精度要求不是很高的相位恢复。标签自适应光学相位恢复相位修正光强传播方程 adaptive optics phase retrieval phase correction intensity transport equation

Error reduction can be achieved by improving the precision of flow meter, thermometer, water cut meter and densimeter,by reducing sample oil's deviation,and by correcting flow met...

要减少油量计量误差，就必须提高流量计、温度计、含水仪、密度计等仪表的准确度，减少所取油样的密度与含水率在某段计量时间内的非代表性平均值所引起的误差，用流量计系数来修正流量计的示值。

The system parameters are determined by optimizing an output-error cost function. To deal with the non-uniqueness of the fully parameterized state-space system, a projected gradient search algorithm is presented by restricting the update of the parameters to the tangent space to the manifold of observationally equivalent state-space systems. The sufficient condition to employ L-M algorithm for optimizing parameters is also introduced. The proposed hierarchical optimization identificationmethod includes two steps: First, the parameter search direction is determined by the proposed adaptive L-M projected gradient approach; Second, the optimum step size is computed according to a line search method.

通过极小化输出误差目标函数获得了系统参数估计；提出了正交梯度搜索方法用于解决系统参数的非唯一性问题，正交梯度搜索的本质是在输入-输出等价类相切平面的正交垂空间更新系统参数；给出了用 L-M 算法进行参数优化的充分条件；提出的系统参数递阶优化辨识方法包括两步：首先用给出的自适应 L-M 算子正交梯度方法确定参数优化方向；其次由一维搜索方法计算最佳步长。

To the disadvantage exposed to us in national and foreign VTS system, and those putted up in application projects, the thesis did a farther study and consummation, and acquired some research fruits, as follows:1. Fulfilled the Eagle Eye function in Electronic Chart Display System.2. Designed a kind of simple algorithm for select chart. By this arithmetic it become true to auto select electronic chart when chart is zoomed.3. The realization of auto acquired field on electronic chart.4. The simulation of target data and error of radar and AIS by software.5. The fusion processing of the dynamic data those are collected from AIS and Radar.6. Resolve the target track problem of radar by the data fusion technology.7. The algorithm design of display field reduce, this function can improve the speed of display.

针对目前国内外VTS系统中暴露出的薄弱点，以及应用实践中表现出的不足本文对综合信息处理与显示系统做了进一步的研究和完善，取得了以下的研究成果： 1、电子海图显示系统中鹰眼图的功能设置与实现； 2、设计一种简易的选图算法，通过该算法实现可在海图放大、缩小时的自动选图； 3、电子海图上自动录取区的实现； 4、实现对雷达和AIS目标数据及其误差的软件仿真； 5、船舶自动识别系统中动态信息与雷达动态信息的数据融合处理； 6、利用数据融合技术解决雷达目标跟踪方面的问题； 7、海图空间信息中显示区域裁减算法的设计，该模块的实现大幅度提高了海图的显示速度。

According to actual condition, a model of wall thickness of rotary kiln is established. The constant coefficients in the model, including thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient, Fourier coefficient and contact resistance, are closely calculated. A formula of contact resistance is draw from a great deal of data of surface and inner temperature of rotary kiln. The wall thickness of rotary kiln is simulated by MATLAB. The simulation result is transmitted from MATLAB to DELPHI through a group of interface functions compiled by VC++. The basic graphs-circle and line are analyzed by the means of the technique of Visualization in Scientific Computing and the Bresenham arithmetic, and are realized the visualization of the wall thickness. The contents of communication between master computer and slaver computer are designed and the error control technique, the idea of multi-thread and the embedded assembly language are applied to realize the temperature data transmission and graph transmission, which largely improved the speed of transmission and the reliability and stability of system.

建立了符合现场实际的回转窑壁厚数学模型；结合现场采用红外测温仪测量所得的温度数据和回转窑的实际结构数据，确定出适合该模型的定常系数(包括导热系数、换热系数、傅立叶系数、接触热阻等)，并得出与回转窑工况的相近的接触热阻公式ln=T~(0.5154)-36.7868；利用MATLAB软件仿真出回转窑壁厚，并将运算结果通过在VC++的编译环境下编译出MATLAB和DELPHI的接口函数传输到该监测系统中，实现了温度数据的转换和交换；运用科学计算可视化技术和Bresenham扫描转换算法对基本图形——圆和直线进行分析，从而实现了仿真后的壁厚数据可视化；在研究异步串行通信方式的基础上，设计了该系统上下位机功能和通信内容，并运用差错控制技术、多线程思想以及嵌入式汇编语言实现了温度数据和图形数据在上下位机之间的远程传输，提高了数据传输的速率和系统的可靠性、稳定性。

Sset future prices can be forecasted with filtering historical simulation by drawing from standardized residual density. The problem of inappropriate risk neutral assumption could be resolved by the calibration from density transformation. The transformation is to identify the state price density per unit probability through the parameter re-estimation by minimizing the mean squared error of market and model prices.

bstract：使用残差机率分配抽样的过滤历史模拟法可以作为未来资产价格的预测，而风险中立假设不适当的问题则可透过风险测度的转换予以解决，该转换过程系将市场价格与模型价格的均方差极小化求得估计校正后的新参数，作为状态价格机率分配的转换机制。

Aiming at the disadvantage of conventional BP neural network, such as selecting parameter values by the empirical method, slow convergence speed and easy trap into local minimum points, this paper designs an improved BP neural network system. In order to improve the network convergence rate and reduce the training error, this paper optimizes the initial connecting weight value of neural network by the use of ant colony algorithm and trains artificial neural network by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.

针对常规BP神经网络参数的经验式取值方法以及收敛速度慢，容易陷入局部最小点等缺陷，设计了一种改进的神经网络系统，利用蚁群算法优化神经网络连接权初值，并采用LM算法对人工神经网络进行训练，提高了网络的收敛速度，降低了训练误差。

By comparison with some traditional differentiation methods, such as divided differences, by-hand coding and symbolic differentiation, AD is characterized by a lot of virtues, e.g., truncation error free, less running cost and less human labor required.

比起传统意义上的计算微分方法来，自动微分具有计算精度高、计算代价小及投入人力少等优点。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷