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This paper gives the time domain integral constraints of the feedback control systems tracking error that arise from the presence of stable zeros on or near the jω-axis, which shows that for a linear time invariant system, in order to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system, the time domain integral constraints must be satisfied by the tracking error.

本文给出了反馈控制系统接近虚轴或虚轴上的稳定零点对跟踪误差的时间域积分约束。这一时间域积分约束是任何一个线性时不变系统为保证其闭环系统的稳定性，其跟踪误差必须满足的。

It is analyzed by means of computer simulation that the contact-track shape and related factors, the influence of installing angle error and interpolation error to machining precision, and some important conclusion is drawn, all of which sets a foundation to improve the precision of helical surface machining.

论文以计算机仿真为手段，详细分析了截面包络法加工螺旋面时工件与刀具上的接触迹形状及影响因素；分析了安装误差及插补误差对工件加工精度的影响，并得出相关结论，为提高螺旋面的加工精度奠定了基础。

The method how to separate the radial jumpiness of the large shaft by three-point method to gain the round error in high precision is showed particularly. In the part of diameter measurement, this paper indicates how to standardize the photomicrosensor and shows the way how to use correction signal correct the measure error of the grating system which is used to measure the rotated angle of the wheel in detail.

文中详细论述了在圆度误差测量中，利用三点法分离大轴支承径向跳动引起的测量误差而获得高精度的圆度误差测量值的方法以及直径测量系统中，光电开关测量精度的标定方法和通过构建误差修正函数对实现滚轮转角测量的圆光栅系统的测量误差进行实时修正的方法。

Aimed at the characteristic of multiple types of faults possibly happened in nuclear power plant, large scale of training sample, and requirement of quick and accurate diagnosing, after the analysis of large sample number generated by large fault type exceeds limitation of 64K paragraph in DOS and large number of local minmum in error surface, measurements of same format of data file, Win95/NT operating system platform, resetting weight learning rate, dynamic training set in quick learning algorithm and improvement on quick learning algorithm using homotopy method which can avoid local minmum points in error surface have been adopted to ensure quickly and effective process of the course of neural network's training and testing.

针对核动力装置可能发生的故障种类多，训练样本规模大，故障诊断需要快速准确的特点等，分析了样本多和故障种类多产生的训练样本量超出DOS段大小和网络误差曲面上局部极小值多的情况，采取了使用相同格式数据文件、Win95/NT操作系统平台，对快速学习算法采用重置神经网络权值学习率和动态训练集、并采用能够有效克服网络误差曲面上局部极小点的同伦方法对学习算法进行改进等措施保证神经网络训练测试过程的快速、有效地进行；针对装置发生的故障须快速、准确诊断的需要，分析了故障的产生对装置参数变化的影响及操纵员对故障诊断的基础，在核动力装置发生故障时参数曲线的变化量与正常运行时参数曲线的变化量存在明显差异的基础上，提出采用参数曲线的变化量作为神经网络的输入，并围绕参数变化量的方法采用二次曲线拟合滤波求变化量和阈值技术来保证神经网络得到精确的装置参数变化量，从而得到准确的诊断结果。

The factors that influence contour accuracy of the machine are analyzed. The equation ofcontour error due to feeding axis's dynamics is derived by circular contour motion of themachine, and a model of contour error is proposed.

五、研究了引起轮廓误差的各种因素，以圆弧轮廓为例推导了联动坐标轴动态特性对轮廓误差的影响公式，提出了轮廓误差模型。

Firstly, the Signal Noise Ratio characteristic of matched filter despread symbol and the distribution of coherent phase estimation error are derived. Secondly, the exact integration formula of BER for fading channel is presented, moreover, by using the Maclaurin series expansion of MPSK conditional Symbol Error Rate, the simplified BER approximations for BPSK and QPSK are derived over AWGN, Nakagami-m fading and Rayleigh fading channel.

首先推导了匹配滤波解扩符号的信噪比特性和相干相位估计误差的分布；然后给出了衰落信道中误比特率的精确积分式，并利用MPSK条件误符号率的麦克劳林级数形式，推导了AWGN，Nakagami-m衰落和瑞利衰落信道中BPSK，QPSK误比特率的简化逼近式。

Four sub-channels are used in the forward equalizer and the coefficients of the equalizer are adjusted by the error of constant modulus algorithm. The advantages of FSE and DFE are integrated. The ideal equalization can be obtained as long as the length of the equalizer equal to or bigger than that of the channel, and the algorithm has the characteristics of faster convergence and smaller mean square error.

该算法前馈滤波器采用4路子信道系统模型，用常数模误差函数对均衡器权系数进行调整，综合了分数间隔均衡器和判决反馈均衡器的优点，均衡器权长只要大于或等于信道长度就能完全均衡信道，该算法收敛速度比波特间隔判决反馈盲均衡算法与T/4分数间隔盲均衡算法(T/4FSE)快、均方误差比BSDFE与T/4FSE小，且计算量不变，有利于信息的实时恢复。

By theory analysis, the bound of measuring error after error-correction was deduced.

通过理论分析，给出了修正后测量误差的界。

This dissertation points out the error caused by improper normal vector of surface in the shading operation of volume rendering, and a method to avoid the error is presented.

本文也指出了在整体显示的浓淡处理中，由于原有模型中曲面法向的不确定性所引起的错误，提出了一种新的计算法向的方法来避免曲面法向不确定的现象。

Instruments and so on. Being the phenomena of hard to avoid in human observation activity, observation activity, observational error plays an important role in the whole human coqnitive activity when it is bringing about huge negative effect, observational error, with the form of the "lesson by negative example". Stimulates and promotes human epistemic activity to more and more close to truth.

观察错误作为人类观察活动中一种难以避免的现象，在人类的整个认识活动中发挥着重要的作用，它在给人类带来巨大负面作用的同时，以一种"反面教材"的形式刺激并促进着人类的认识活动越来越接近于真理。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。