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Its accurate error is lower than the permissible error regulated by the government in feasibility research phrase. Because of the penetrability of its process and normality and objectivity of its results, subjectivities of organizations or individuals can be avoided effectively and different estimators can get almost the same result by using it. Furthermore, its process has stronger persuasiveness than former ones. So it is obvious that the new method is better than former methods and other model predicting methods in similar studies.

经精确度分析对比和实例验证，这一新方法简捷高效、清晰合理、易于推广普及，不但能满足国家对建设项目可行性研究投资估算规定的允许精度要求，而且体现了估算过程的透明性、估算结果的规范性与客观性，能有效地避免投资估算时估算人员和组织的主观差异性，明显优于以往的估算方法和类似研究中用的模型估算方法。

Result］ It could be concluded through analyzing the model that both the mass uncertainties of quinoline phosphomolybdate precipitates and tested samples were from the resolving power and precision of balance and its maximum tolerance in assay certificate; the uncertainty brought in by volumetric flask was from the permissible error of 250 ml volumetric flask, the operation of increasing the volume to scale of volumetric flask while diluting solution and the difference between experimental temperature and the temperature at the time when the volumetric flask was calibrated; the uncertainty brought in by pipette was from the permissible error of itself, the operation of increasing the volume to intake scale while taking solution and the difference between experimental temperature and the temperature at the time when the pipette was calibrated.

结果］磷钼酸喹啉沉淀和试样质量的不确定度均来自天平的分辨力、精确度、鉴定证书上天平的最大允差，容量瓶引入的不确定度来自250 ml容量瓶本身的允许误差、稀释溶液时将体积增加到容量瓶刻度的操作和试验温度与容量瓶校准时温度的差异，吸量管引入的不确定度来自于吸量管本身的允许误差、吸取溶液时将体积增加到吸取刻度时的操作和试验温度与吸量管校准时温度的差异。

According to the characteristics presented by armed helicopters during cruising or searching for ground targets, this paper has established the mean-square deviation stationary random model of helicopter tracks. It is an important method to decorrelate the measure noise by estimating the parameters of the color noise online. Kalman filtering and forecasting have been made with helicopter tracks. The simulated study has been carried out on helicopter tracks under the condition of color noise. It is very difficult to get an accurate and reliable prediction when the data is very limited. The paper make use of the theory of grey system to resolve the problem of prediction of helicopter tracks, establishing the GM model of grey systems and the cumulative residual error model of n degree, then correcting the GM forecast model. In the period of sampling, GM model and residual error model have been established on line to improve prediction precision.

结合武装直升机在巡航或搜索地面目标的特点，给出直升机航迹模型为协方差平稳随机模型，在线估计有色噪声参数，对测量噪声去相关，对直升机航迹进行卡尔曼滤波与预估，最后对有色噪声条件下的航迹进行了仿真研究；在数据非常有限的情况下，准确地预测又很困难，本文提出了用灰色系统理论解决直升机航迹预测问题，建立了灰色系统GM预测模型和n次累加残差模型并对GM预测模型进行修正，在每个采样期间内，实时在线建立GM预测模型和残差模型以提高预测精度。

By study of the statistic characteristics of flood forecasting errors and their confidence intervals for Nushi watershed at Sanhuajian of the Yellow River and on the basis of a comparison of the precision criterion currently used for flood forecasting with the result of the error confidence interval method, it is concluded that the error of flood forecasting is of the characteristic of skew probability distribution, and that the evaluated results of forecasting errors are different by the above two methods.

因此，本文在三花间伊河卢氏流域洪水预报的基础上研究了误差置信限及误差置信限评定方法，并将误差置信限评定结果与现行水情预报精度标准[1]评定结果进行了比较。1 现行洪水预报评定方法流域洪水预报精度评定内容包括洪峰流量、峰现时间和洪量等。洪水预报误差指标有绝对误差、相对误差和确定性系数3种。预报误差小于许可误差时为合格预报。

The forgetting factor was optimized by reducing the trace of the input error covariance matrix. This factor is able to modify the iterative learning law of control input. The error signal of the feed-forward learning controller was filtered by a zero-phase FIR digital filter.

通过减小系统输入误差协方差矩阵迹的方式得到优化的遗忘因子，来修正控制输入的迭代学习律，同时采用零相位FIR数字滤波器对前馈学习控制器中的误差信号进行滤波处理。

After that, the space feature of the spindle rotating error movement and the error movement of a straight moving measurement—frame are also analysed, by which, the axile multiple—lift separating method and the one step by another step separating method are set up.

其次，分析了主轴回转误差运动和测架直行误差运动的空间特征，并以此为依据，提出了轴向多层分离法和逐次两步分离法。

The cylindricity could be calculated by least squares method and wavelet error separation method that the measurement error could be decomposed by Harmonic analysis algorithm based on wavelet theory.

针对激光 CCD 灵敏度高，干扰噪声容易混入测量数据中的问题，提出了一种基于小波分析的误差分离方法，即运用谐波分析的思想方法和小波理论中多频率分析算法进行误差分离，误差分离后的数据用最小二乘法处理求出圆柱度。

A general laser scanning altimetry equation is developed that describes an ideal system, followed by developing an error model for the laser scanner, and the INS and GPS units. The result is a modified laser equation that contains all errors introduced. The error model is evaluated by analyzing the difference between errorless equation and laser equation with errors.

本文从机载激光扫描测高对地定位的几何模型出发，详细推导了各项误差对机载激光扫描测高对地定位结果的影响关系式；详细分析了不同误差对激光脚点坐标的影响规律，并给出了相应的数值结果和量化指标。

Tocopherol has very high physiological activity. Soybean deodorized sludge contains plentiful natural tocopherol. For extracting tocopherol from soybean deodorized sludge, solubility of α tocopherol in supercritical CO 2 is measured. The solubility data are correlated by RBF neural networks model and chrastil model. Relative error of chrastil model is 25.36%. By means of learning and training on RBF neural networks model, the average error of training set is 0.23% and that of testing set is 6.48%....

生育酚有很高的生理活性，油脂生产中得到的脱臭馏出物含有丰富的天然生育酚作为萃取生育酚的基础，对甲酯化油脂脱臭馏出物中α-生育酚在超临界CO2 中的溶解度进行了测试，并用Chrastil分子缔合模型和RBF神经网络模型对溶解度数据进行了拟合 Chrastil分子缔合模型的相对误差为 2 5.36%对于RBF神经网络模型，经过网络学习和训练，训练集平均误差仅为 0 。2 3%，测试集误差为 6.4 8%，效果比较理想

The error evaluation method most frequently used in current applications is the quadric error metrics, originally proposed by Garland and Heckbert in [9], in which a quadric (represented by a symmetric, positive semi-definite matrix) is associated with each vertex, subsuming the sum of the squared distances of the vertex to all its incident planes.

当前采用的最广泛的误差评估方法是QEM方法。这个方法中，每一个顶点都与一个二次误差相关联，包含了顶点到其相邻面距离的平方和。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。