查询词典 bristle cell

Though can not accurate induce neural stem cells specific orientation differentiation yet,to accompany the unceasing deepen recognize of convection mechanisms in cells' signal convection and discovery of new cell facter,new chemo-signal, Homo sapiens would solve the question of orientation differentiation from totipotential stem cell,multipotential stem cell to neural stem cell, orientation nerver ancestor cell then special tipe neural cell, implementation functional reconstruction betwen neural cell,for ultimate solve the proble of neural regeneration developing the way.

尽管目前尚不能准确有效的诱导神经干细胞特异性定向分化为某种特定的神经元，但随着人们对细胞间信号传递机制认识的不断加深和新的细胞因子、化学信号的不断发现，人类将能够解决从全能干细胞、多能干细胞到神经干细胞、定向神经祖细胞直至特异类型神经细胞的定向分化，完成神经元之间的功能重建，为最终解决中枢神经再生这一难题而开辟道路。

The animal model of this method system have, the characteristics of the high fat, high leptin, high Ins, and match with the characteristic of clinical and the pathologic of simple obesity. This studies showed: The acupuncture can obviously reduce the vaule of intaking food and water of the fat rats, and lower the body weight and fat; The acupuncture can urge the diameter, area, physical volume of white fat cell contract, Brown fat tissue of fat rat group surroundings vascular containing large quantity of white fat cell, the acupuncture group was less. this showed: The acupuncture enhanced the white fat cell metabolism, and promotesed the white fat cell to convert to brown fat cell; The frequency of spontaneous electric of nerve cell of pvn of the fat rat is high, the acupuncture counld depress the spontaneous electric of nerve cell of pvn, This showed: the acupuncture can depress the appetite passing to adjust function of pvn nerve; The monoaminergic neurotransmitter of inside of the fat rat brain is disfunction, the acupuncture can rectify this disfunction, and adjust level of 5-HT, and affect appetite, and improve metabolism; The level of leptin and Ins of fat rat increased high, The level of it of acupuncture group decreased, compared with the fat group p.001, This showed: the fat rats have the defeat of leptin and Ins in the body, The acupuncture can lowering this defeat, The level of leptin and Ins of the fat rat in the brain is less than the normal group, The level of leptin of the acupuncture group is high than the fat group, This showed: the acupuncture can increase the transportation of leptin from blood to brain.

本方法所制肥胖大鼠模型具有高体重、高脂、高leptin和高Ins血症的特点，符合人类单纯性肥胖病的临床和病理特征；实验研究显示：针灸能明显减少肥胖大鼠的摄水、摄食量及降低其体重、体脂；针灸能促使白色脂肪细胞直径、面积、体积缩小，减少肥胖大鼠棕色脂肪组织血管周围白色脂肪细胞数量，显示：针灸增强了白色脂肪细胞的代谢，促进了白色脂肪细胞向棕色脂肪细胞的转化：肥胖大鼠PVN神经细胞自发放电频率增加，脑内单胺递质紊乱，针灸通过抑制PVN亢奋的自发放电，调整5-HT水平，达到影响食欲，改善代谢的作用；肥胖大鼠血中leptin及Ins水平增高，与正常组大鼠比有明显差异，提示大鼠体内存在leptin及Ins抵抗，针灸后肥胖大鼠随着体重体脂的下降，血中leptin、Ins水平降低，与肥胖组比均有显著性差异，而针灸后大鼠脑内leptin增加，与肥胖组比P.05，提示：针灸具有改善leptin、Ins抵抗及增加leptin脑内转运的作用。

There are two types of cells: the acidophile and the basophile. Prolactin cell and adrenocorticotopic hormone cell form the anterior lobe, the gonadotropic hormone cell, growth hormone cell and thyrotropic hormone cell form the intermediate lobe, the posterior lobe consists of melanotropic stimulating hormone cell.

含有嗜酸性和嗜碱性细胞，促肾上腺皮质激素细胞和催乳激素细胞组成腺垂体前叶，促性腺激素分泌细胞、促生长激素分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素分泌细胞组成腺垂体间叶，腺垂体后叶由促黑色素激素细胞构成。

The results show: the strongest bond is the Al-Al bond in the segregated cell without containing vacancy, where the Al atomic covalence radius is greater than that of Li atom in the cell; while the strongest bond is the Al-Li bond in the segregated cell containing vacancy, and the Al atomic covalence radius in the cell is less than that of Li atom. Since the difference of electronagativity between the Al and Li atoms is obvious, it is inclined to formed the Al-Li segregated cell of short range order structure in the condition of vacancy present. The short range order structure containing vacancy is probably the embryo or precursor structure of the metastable phase δ′(Al3Li). Because the strongest covalent bond in the Al-Li-vacancy segregated cell in alloy formed in quenching is the main strength reason for supersaturated solid solution of alloy. The bond net of succeeding precipitation of δ′(Al3Li) has the picture of anisotropic Al-Al bonding and the bond intensity enhanced. Since the δ′(Al3Li) is coherence with matrix, the bond net strength is enhanced by the precipitation of δ′(Al3Li) and so strengthen the alloy.

计算结果表明：不包含空位的偏聚晶胞的键络最强键为Al—Al键，其中Al原子的共价半径较Li原子的共价半径要大；而含空位的偏聚晶胞的最强键为Al—Li键， Al原子的共价半径要比Li原子的共价半径要小；在空位存在的情况下，由于Al原子与Li原子的电负性相差明显，促使Al和Li原子结合，倾向形成Al-Li短程序结构偏聚区，这种含空位的短程序结构很可能就是δ′(Al3Li)亚稳相的前兆结构和生长胚胎；由于Al-Li-空位有序偏聚晶胞的Al—Li键络比基体键络要强许多，因此，淬火过程中合金生成的Al-Li-空位偏聚晶胞对合金过饱和固溶体起主要强化作用；后续析出的δ′(Al3Li)亚稳相键络各项异性显著，键络强度明显提高；由于Al3Li与基体共格，其大量均匀弥散析出起到提升基体整体键络强度，同样对合金产生强化作用。

The results show: the strongest bond is the Al-Al bond in the segregated cell without containing vacancy, where the Al atomic covalence radius is greater than that of Li atom in the cell; while the strongest bond is the Al-Li bond in the segregated cell containing vacancy, and the Al atomic covalence radius in the cell is less than that of Li atom. Since the difference of electronagativity between the Al and Li atoms is obvious, it is inclined to formed the Al-Li segregated cell of short range order structure in the condition of vacancy present. The short range order structure containing vacancy is probably the embryo or precursor structure of the metastable phase δ'(Al3Li). Because the strongest covalent bond in the Al-Li-vacancy segregated cell in alloy formed in quenching is the main strength reason for supersaturated solid solution of alloy. The bond net of succeeding precipitation of δ'(Al3Li) has the picture of anisotropic Al-Al bonding and the bond intensity enhanced. Since the δ'(Al3Li) is coherence with matrix, the bond net strength is enhanced by the precipitation of δ'(Al3Li) and so strengthen the alloy.

计算结果表明：不包含空位的偏聚晶胞的键络最强键为Al-Al键，其中Al原子的共价半径较Li原子的共价半径要大；而含空位的偏聚晶胞的最强键为Al-Li键，Al原子的共价半径要比Li原子的共价半径要小；在空位存在的情况下，由於Al原子与Li原子的电负性相差明显，促使Al和Li原子结合，倾向形成Al-Li短程序结构偏聚区，这种含空位的短程序结构很可能就是δ'(Al3Li)亚稳相的前兆结构和生长胚胎；由於Al-Li-空位有序偏聚晶胞的Al-Li键络比基体键络要强许多，因此，淬火过程中合金生成的Al-Li-空位偏聚晶胞对合金过饱和固溶体起主要强化作用；后续析出的δ'(Al3Li)亚稳相键络各项异性显著，键络强度明显提高；由於Al3Li与基体共格，其大量均匀弥散析出起到提升基体整体键络强度，同样对合金产生强化作用。

Compared with the corresponding BEAS-2B cells, the shapes of cells and nuclears, the shapes and quantity of cell organs were not significantly changed in the 1st, 2nd, 5th passage BEAS-2BNNK cells. The 10th, 15th passage BEAS-2BNNK cells, which had swelled cell and cell organs and abnormal nuclear and enlarged the nucleoli gradually and increased the quantity of the cell organs and activated their function, showed the characteristic of transformation cells. The 20th, 25th passage BEAS- 2BNNKcells, which had obvious aberration of the cell and nucleoli and had cataclasm of nucleoli and decreased cell organs, showed the characteristic of tumor cells.

与BEAS-2B相比较BEAS-2BNNK第1、2、5代细胞及胞核形态、细胞器形态及数量无明显差别；第10、15代细胞出现肿胀，细胞核逐渐变形，出现核畸形，核仁明显增大，边集，细胞器肿胀，数量明显增多，功能活跃具明显的转化细胞特征；第20、25代细胞及胞核明显畸变，出现明显的核碎裂及多个核仁，细胞器明显减少，具明显的肿瘤细胞特征。

It was seen that strain 6055 generated three kinds of dextransucrases whose molecular weights were 151 kDa,142kDa and 117kDa,respectively.Among them,the former two ones were found both in supematants and cell wall,while the later was only found in the fermentation liquor.Strain DM 1-2 synthesized two kinds of dextransucrases,and their molecular weights were 183kDa and 142kDa,respectively.The former existed both in cell wall and out of cell,but the later only was located on cell surface.Strain PC 13 produced three kinds of dextransucrases,and their molecular weights were 148kDa, 138kDa and 115kDa,respectively.The former two ones were ectoenzyme while the later was linked to cell.Resembled to strain 6055,strain L4 produced two types of dextransucrases coexisting in supernatants and cell wall with molecular weights of 145 kDa and 136kDa,respectively,but the dextransucrase of 115kDa was only found in free-cells supernatants.

结果显示，菌株6055可产生分子量分别为151kDa、142kDa和117kDa的三种葡聚糖蔗糖酶，其中前两者同时存在于上清液中和细胞表面，而后者只存在于上清液当中；菌株DM1-2可以产生两种葡聚糖蔗糖酶，分子量分别为183kDa和142kDa，前者同时存在于上清液中和细胞表面，而后者仅能存在于细胞表面；菌株PC13可以产生分子量分别为148 kDa、138 kDa和115kDa的三种葡聚糖蔗糖酶，前两者属于胞外酶，而后者与细胞相连；与菌株6055相似，菌株L4可以产生两种同时存在于上清液和细胞表面的葡聚糖蔗糖酶，分子量分别为145 kDa和136kDa，而分子量为115kDa的葡聚糖蔗糖酶只存在于上清液中。

Compared with classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes , NK cells are superior in the following aspects: NK cells are among the first cell types to be activated after intracellular pathogen stimuli, the activity of NK cells peaked between 1 to 3 days, retained during the first 7-10 days, and the T cells response emerged only after 7 days when the NK cell responses begin to decline; though comprising of only 10％-15％ of peripheral lymphocytes, NK cells mobilize most of the cell populations in a strong and high level response to different invasions, and act as key factors at early defense before a specific immune response could mount, while only certain clones were involved in T cell response; NK cells kill virus-infected or malignant transformed cells without pre-sensitization and without restriction by major histocompatibility antigen, which is usually a mechanism of immune escape to T cell recognition by virus-infected or tumor cells, thus NK cell in complementary with T cells play crucial roles in tumor and virus eradication.

NK细胞以其强大的细胞毒活性为特征，与细胞毒性T细胞相比，NK细胞具有如下特点：NK细胞虽然只占外周血淋巴细胞的10-15％，但是对刺激性因素产生应答的过程十分迅速，一次可以调动大多数细胞共同参与，而不是几个克隆的活化，免疫应答的强度高；病毒感染或恶性转化细胞的一个主要特征是细胞表达的MHCⅠ类分子下降或消失，并借助这一机制逃避特异性T细胞应答的识别，NK细胞介导的杀伤活性无需抗原刺激，不受MHCⅠ分子表达的限制，从而与T细胞应答互为补充发挥免疫防御的功能；NK细胞的免疫活性可以被多种细胞因子上调，其中IFNα，IL-2，IL-12，IL-15和IL-18具备更强的作用；NK细胞具有强大的细胞因子分泌功能，对于启动T细胞特异性应答必不可少。

Its main features are: algae body as a single cell or even into a variety of groups; cell walls composed of silica and pectin, but also by the structure of the shell and the shell under the combined set of the Cheng, vertical section view was "soap-box"-shaped; in the upper and lower shell surface of the shell are patterns arranged in patterns on both sides of the main mode of symmetry and radial symmetry is divided into two categories, for the classification of the most important basis; be able to campaign Type in the shell has a shell side seam, can not be changed no shell seam types; pigment body sheet or ribbon, 1 or 2, or for multiple small discoid, yellow green or brown, containing chlorophyll a, c, also contains fucoxanthin and silicon A flavin and other photosynthetic pigments; storage material mainly for oil droplets; reproduction mainly for cell division and cell division in diatoms obvious features are: each cell division, resulting from two sub-cells,, only one and the mother cell and so big, the other one is smaller.

其主要特征是：藻体为单细胞或连成各式群体；细胞壁由硅质和果胶质组成，而且在结构上都是由上壳和下壳套合而成，纵断面观呈"肥皂盒"形；在上下壳的壳面上有花纹，花纹排列的方式主要分为两侧对称和辐射对称两大类，为分类上的最重要依据；能运动的种类在壳面都有壳缝，不能动的种类均无壳缝；色素体片状或带状，1个或2个，或为多个小盘状，黄绿色或黄褐色，含叶绿素a、c，还含有墨角藻黄素和硅甲黄素等光合色素；贮藏物质主要为油滴；繁殖方式主要为细胞分裂，硅藻的细胞分裂的明显特点是：每次细胞分裂所产生的2个子细胞中，仅有1个和母细胞等大，另1个则稍小。

KIR bind corresponding HLA-Ⅰmay hame four results followed:1、When inhibitory KIR bind HLA-Ⅰand there has no activatory KIR bind it,cell isn\'t dissolve because inhibitory signal access was done;2、When activatory KIR bind corresponding HLA-Ⅰand there has no inhibitory KIR bind it,form activate signal,lead cell dissolve.3、If activatory or inhibitory receptor both bind HLA-Ⅰ,both signal access is make done,when activatory signal play the main role,NK cell still actived,lead target cell dissolve.4、If activatory or inhibitory receptor both bind HLA-Ⅰ,both signal access is make done,when inhibitory signal play the main role,or both signal access don\'t play,NK cell do not make effect.this is NK cell recognice nomal tissue.

与活化型KIR受体相比，抑制型KIR受体与HLA-Ⅰ类抗原结合的亲和性更强，当抑制型和活化型KIR受体识别和结合同一HLA-Ⅰ类抗原分子时，以抑制作用为主。KIR与相应HLA-Ⅰ结合后可能产生以下4种情况：①当抑制型KIR与HLA-Ⅰ结合而无活化型KIR与HLA-Ⅰ相互作用时，因抑制信号通路启动而不产生细胞溶解；②当活化型KIR与靶细胞表面的相应HLA-Ⅰ结合同时无抑制型KIR与HLA-Ⅰ的相互作用时，形成刺激信号通路，导致靶细胞溶解。

We got alerted a couple of times while we were down south that HETs were on the way to bring us back up north because things were going to go hot again, but it was just rumors.

南下的途中我们不只一次得到警告说重型装备运输车将拉着我们重新北上，因为局势正在变得重新紧张起来，但这只是谣传。

It's the one where they find the ghost in the salt mine.

这一集是演他们在盐矿找到鬼