查询词典 bridge

The design feature proceed know clearly systematic analysis of the text versus canting pull steel tube concrete arch bridge, it is above "joist type built-up arch bridge" architectural characteristic analytic foundation to said bridge type, certain technical characterstic point syntheses handle to oneness new bridge type among steel tube concrete arch bridge, stayed-cable bridge type.

本文对斜拉钢管混凝土拱桥的结构特点进行了系统的分析，该桥型是在"桁式组合拱桥"结构特性分析的基础上，将钢管混凝土拱桥、斜拉桥等桥型中的某些技术特点综合运用于一体的新桥型。

It is the image body of the feudalism grade system again now:The in the center the most outstanding 雕 wears the bridge noodles of the 蟠 dragon pillar head, emperor one person pass, call"resist road bridge";Two or so 雕s have lotus flower pillar the bridge noodles of the head, the prince passes, calling "princes and dukes bridge";Then both sides of, allows three articles above text martial big minister to pass, calling "grade bridge";Depending the common ectype stoning bridge of side most was four articles following officialdom and soldier to walk of, calling Mr.

它又是封建等级制的形象体现：中间最突出的一座雕着蟠龙柱头的桥面，只许皇帝一人通过，叫"御路桥"；左右两座雕有荷花柱头的桥面，只许亲王通过，叫"王公桥"；再两边的，只许三品以上的文武大臣通过，叫"品级桥"；最靠边的普通浮雕石桥，才是四品以下官吏和兵了走的，叫"公生桥"。

The mechanical behavior of Shape Memory Alloys material is tested, and the constitutive model of the SMA is established. A kind of SMA combined rubber isolator is developed, and the isolation effect of the SMA combined rubber isolator for long-span bridge and tall building structures is numerically simulated, from which the adaptive isolation performance and the self-restoring capacity of the SMA combined rubber isolator are verified. A kind of SMA damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the SMA damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the SMA damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the SMA damper for the long-span bridge are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge using the SMA damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. The MRF-04K type magnetorheological damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the MR damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the MR damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the MR damper for the long-span bridge and tall building structures are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge and tall building structures using the MR damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. In addition, the theory and method of sub-structural damage identification for long-span bridge are derived, the influence of soil-structure dynamic interaction on the seismic isolation and control effects with different isolation and control measures and the damage responses and the sliding base-isolation of large structures under the excitation of underground explosion are investigated.

试验研究了形状记忆合金材料的力学性能，建立了SMA材料的本构模型；研制了一种SMA复合橡胶隔震支座，数值仿真分析了应用SMA复合橡胶支座的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的隔震效果，从而验证了SMA复合橡胶支座的自适应隔震性能及其震后自恢复能力；研制了一种SMA阻尼器，试验研究了SMA阻尼器的力学性能，建立了SMA阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于SMA阻尼器的大跨桥梁结构自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真与模型试验验证了大跨桥梁结构SMA阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；研制了一种MRF-04K型磁流变阻尼器，试验研究了MR阻尼器的力学性能，建立了MR阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于MR阻尼器的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真和模型试验验证了大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构MR阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；还建立了大跨桥梁结构的子结构损伤识别的理论与方法，研究了土-结构动力相互作用对不同隔震和控制措施的减震控制效果的影响以及地下爆炸波作用下各类大型结构的灾害响应与滑移隔震。

Lo Wu Bridge is not only a narrow bridge at the time, only moving train, but no bridge unroofed shed, left to sun and rain. In 1959, the government will be the Lo Wu Bridge turned into steel and concrete bridge deck has also widened more than doubled. 1962, also stamped with an iron Peng Ding, added in the iron bridge on both sides of the iron railing, and covered the sidewalk. The 20th century, the early 70s, the author in Guangzhou Railway Administration to do secretarial work, on several occasions to the Footbridge is the first walk.

当时的罗湖桥不但桥面狭窄，只能行驶火车，而且桥身无顶无棚，任凭雨淋日晒。1959年，人民政府将罗湖桥改建成钢筋水泥桥，桥面也加宽了一倍多。1962年又加盖了铁皮篷顶，在铁桥两侧增设了铁栏杆，并铺上了人行道。20世纪70年代初，笔者在广州铁路局做秘书工作，曾多次到罗湖桥头漫步。

Zhao Xian is the age-old cultural city, many historical sites, with the provincial cultural relics protection for more than 11 of which, Zhaozhou Bridge is the earliest existing, to preserve the integrity of the single shoulder open stone arch bridge, known as the "originator of a bridge in the world" and "Bridge the best in the world," American Society of Civil Engineers has been selected as the 12th Department,"the International Civil Engineering of historical monuments"; Yong-Zhaozhou Bridge and the bridge and said "sister bridge", there are similar; dharani Jingchuang Hailed as "the first Chinese Tower."

赵县是历史悠久的文化名城，名胜古迹众多，拥有省保以上文物11处，其中，赵州桥是现存最早、保存最完整的单孔敞肩石拱桥，被誉为&世界桥梁鼻祖&和&天下第一桥&，被美国土木工程师学会选定为第十二处&国际土木工程历史古迹&；永通桥与赵州桥并称&姊妹桥&，有异曲同工之妙；陀罗尼经幢被誉为&华夏第一塔&。

The superstructure uses the standard drawing, the substructure has used the gravity T-shape abutment and the rectangular buttress, in the design carries on the size to the abutment and the bridge pier to draw up, simultaneously satisfies the design the principle, the abutment uses 9.3m, in satisfies the structure and under the operation requirements premise, the abutment uses 9.3m to be long, because the geological condition decided, the pillar body uses 12m to be high, the open excavation foundation, the process load computation and the load combination, has carried on the bridge abutment and the pillar bottom section stress separately to the abutment and the bridge pier examines calculated, examines calculated the result conforms to the standard requirement, the bridge span uses the straight line build, and established this bridge construction organization plan, including the engineering project characteristic, the construction plan, the job practice, the bridge building construction technology, the measure has drawn up the top cap and the tray structure and matches the muscle chart, finally has drawn up Shui Xigou the bridge overall and the horizontal plan.

上部结构采用标准图，下部结构采用了重力式T 形桥台和矩形桥墩，设计中对桥台和桥墩进行了尺寸拟定，在满足构造和使用要求的前提下，桥台采用9.3m长，由于地质条件决定，墩身采用12m高，明挖基础，经过荷载计算和荷载组合，对桥台和桥墩分别进行了台底和墩底截面应力的检算，检算结果符合规范要求，桥跨采用直线布设，并且编制了该桥的施工组织设计，其中有工程项目的特征、施工方案、施工方法、桥梁工程施工技术，措施绘制了顶帽及托盘构造及配筋图，最后绘制了水溪沟大桥的总体及平面图。

The superstructure uses the standard drawing, the substructure has used the gravity T-shape abutment and the rectangular buttress, in the design carries on the size to the abutment and the bridge pier to draw up, simultaneously satisfies the design the principle, the abutment uses 9.3m, in satisfies the structure and under the operation requirements premise, the abutment uses 9.3m to be long, because the geological condition decided, the pillar body uses 12m to be high, the open excavation foundation, the process load computation and the load combination, has carried on the bridge abutment and the pillar bottom section stress separately to the abutment and the bridge pier examines calculated, examines calculated the result conforms to the standard requirement, the bridge span uses the straight line build, and established this bridge construction organization plan, including the engineering project characteristic, the construction plan, the job practice, the bridge building construction technology, the measure has drawn up the top cap and the tray structure and matches the muscle chart, finally has drawn up Shui Xigou the bridge overall and the horizontal plan.

内昆铁路水溪沟大桥，中心里程为DK608+393.00，该桥的设计方案有三个，通过技术、经济比较，采用4×32m预应力混凝土简支梁桥方案，桥梁全长149.5m，I级单线铁路，设计时速为120km/h，设计荷载为中活载。上部结构采用标准图，下部结构采用了重力式T 形桥台和矩形桥墩，设计中对桥台和桥墩进行了尺寸拟定，在满足构造和使用要求的前提下，桥台采用9.3m长，由于地质条件决定，墩身采用12m高，明挖基础，经过荷载计算和荷载组合，对桥台和桥墩分别进行了台底和墩底截面应力的检算，检算结果符合规范要求，桥跨采用直线布设，并且编制了该桥的施工组织设计，其中有工程项目的特征、施工方案、施工方法、桥梁工程施工技术，措施绘制了顶帽及托盘构造及配筋图，最后绘制了水溪沟大桥的总体及平面图。

First, this paper presents three girders model with double cable planes which main girder and side girder is connected by rigid arms, analyzes the dynamic characteristic of Yonghe cable-stayed bridge and obtains its natural vibration modes (i.e., frequency, damping values and the mode shapes ) by ANLSIS structural analysis program and uses these parameters as dynamic dactylogram of the intact case of cable-stayed bridge. Using the passage of random as the ambient vibration ,the dynamic properties of Yonghe Bridge is measured and the modal parameter of its 15 years after is identified and used as dynamic dactylogram of the damaged case. By the finite element analysis and locale vibration test, damaged and undamaged modal parameter is analyzed and curvature mode shape, which is sensitive to damage state, is introduced as possible candidate for identifying and locating damage in the cable-stayed bridge. Selecting the branch of part measured point from modal parameter, this paper deduces the damaged index which can detect the possible damaged location of the cable-stayed bridge deck and identifies the damaged region and degree for Yonghe Bridge. For the purpose of structural condition monitoring in in-situ , from another viewpoint, this paper introduces the method called the best optimization vector to detect damaged location and degree. The accuracy and reliability of the method presented in this paper are demonstrated by static analysis and test and the healthy state of Yonghe Bridge can be evaluated.

建立了双索面通过刚臂与主梁及边梁相连的三梁式力学模型，采用ANSYS结构分析程序对永和斜拉桥进行动力分析，对其振动模态参数进行识别，以此作为斜拉桥完好状态下的动力&指纹&；采用自由交通流作为环境振源，对永和斜拉桥动力特性进行测试，识别出永和斜拉桥使用15年后的模态参数，确立了破损状态下的动力&指纹&；利用有限元分析、现场振动测试，对破损前后的模态参数进行分析，提取对破损状况较敏感的模态曲率作为斜拉桥破损诊断的参数；并从模态参数中选取部分点的分量，导出可以指示斜拉桥桥面大概损伤位置的Index损伤指标，识别出斜拉桥发生破损的区段及破损程度；考虑大型斜拉桥在线监测要求识别破损的具体位置，从另一角度提出采用最优矢量法具体确定破损发生的位置及程度；为验证本文研究成果，对永和斜拉桥进行静力分析及静力测试，对其健康状况提出可靠的评价。

Basing on the statistic datum existed of bridge deck pavements, analyze the main failure modes and its main causes to damage on different styles of bridge, at the same time, through the big calculation software ,establish the space models to simulate the course of mechanics of bridge deck pavements, analyze the main factors which affect the bridge deck pavement"s mechanics and the relations between them; according to the atmospheric circulation circumstances of bridge deck pavements, take the statistic datum of using life of prefabricated T-beam、box girders and casting girder in region of HUA-NAN as examples to returning analysis ,establishing the life prediction model of this style bridges; associating "the Method of Estimating to Life Cycle Costing,bring forward this method to take a evaluation of economy on bridge deck pavements, insure the life cycle costing reasonable; giving some tactics on the design of bridge deck pavements.

以既有桥梁的桥面铺装层使用现状统计资料为基础，分析了各种类型桥面铺装层的主要破坏形式及其主要损伤原因，同时利用结构分析软件，对桥面铺装层建立空间模型模拟其受力作用过程，分析影响桥面铺装层受力大小的主要因素以及各因素与铺装层受力大小之间的关系；按照桥面铺装层所处环境的不同，以华南地区预制T、箱梁和现浇梁的桥面铺装层正常使用寿命统计数据为例，通过回归分析建立该类型桥面铺装层的正常使用寿命预测模型；利用寿命周期费用评价方法，对特定铺装层的设计方案某一参数的变化所带来的经济效益进行评价；给出桥面铺装层设计构造建议。

The invention includes a bridge, a bridge traveling mechanism, a crane trolley, a telescopic boom and a telescopic traveling mechanism; wherein the bridge traveling mechanism drives the bridge to travel longitudinally along the track on elevated beams on the two sides; the crane trolley travels laterally along the track on the bridge; the telescopic boom is arranged between the crane trolley and the bridge, the crane trolley travels laterally along the track on the telescopic boom; and the telescopic traveling mechanism drives the telescopic boom to travel laterally along the track on the bridge.

本发明包括桥架、桥架运行机构、起重小车、伸缩臂和伸缩运行机构；其中，所述桥架运行机构驱动所述桥架沿两侧的高架横梁上的轨道纵向运行；所述起重小车沿所述桥架上的轨道横向运行；所述伸缩臂设置在所述起重小车和所述桥架之间，所述起重小车沿所述伸缩臂上的轨道横向运行；所述伸缩运行机构驱动所述伸缩臂沿所述桥架上的轨道横向运行。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。