查询词典 breast cancer

Similarly yellow ribbons for bladder cancer, purple ribbon for pancreatic cancer, testicular cancer and thyroid cancer, brown or royal blue ribbons for colon cancer, golden, pink or light blue for childhood cancer, green ribbons for kidney cancer, pearl white ribbons for lung cancer, plain white ribbons for bone cancer, orange ribbons for blood cancer, burgundy ribbons for multiple cancer, gray ribbons for brain cancer, blue ribbons for prostate cancer and black ribbons for skin cancer.

同样的黄色丝带为膀胱癌，紫色的丝带胰腺癌，睾丸癌和甲状腺癌，棕色或皇家蓝丝带结肠癌，金，粉红色或淡蓝色的儿童癌症，绿丝带为肾癌，珍珠白丝带肺癌，纯白色的丝带为骨癌，橙色丝带为血癌，勃艮第带多个癌症，灰色丝带为脑癌，蓝丝带的前列腺癌和黑丝带的皮肤癌。

objective:to analyze the difference between mammary duct ectasiaand plasma cell mammitis.methods:the data of 24 cases of mde and 28 cases of pcm,including clinical manifestations,distinguished diagnoses,surgical therapy,pathological results,were analyzed.results:the clinical manifestations of mde are nipple discharge and breast mass,which should be distinguished with breast mass and early stage of breast cancer.the treatment is local resection.major pathological changes are duct ectasia and obvious periductal inflammatory changes.the clinical manifestations of pcm are breast mass and inflammatory changes,which should to be distinguished with advanced breast cancer and inflammatory breast cancer.the surgical treatment is extensive resection.the major pathological changes are inflammatory reaction and multiple abscesses in breast tissue.conclusion:mde and pcm are significant different,and they are different progressing stage of disease,thus the two diagnoses are independent.

目的：分析乳腺导管扩张症和浆细胞性乳腺炎临床上的差异。提出各自独立诊断的论据。方法：结合24例乳腺导管扩张症和28例浆细胞性乳腺炎对两病的临床症状、鉴别诊断、手术治疗、病理结果进行比较分析。结果：乳腺导管扩张症临床表现为乳头溢液和乳腺肿物，主要与乳腺肿物和早期乳腺癌鉴别诊断，手术以局部切除多见，病理表现为导管扩张及导管周围明显炎性改变。浆细胞性乳腺炎临床表现为乳腺肿物和炎性改变，主要与晚期乳腺癌和炎性乳腺癌鉴别诊断，手术切除的范围较大，病理变化以乳腺组织的炎性反应和多发性脓肿为主。结论：乳腺导管扩张症和浆细胞性乳腺炎有明显的差异，应作为这两种疾病独立诊断。

objective:to explore the clinical value of digital mammography on diagnosis of small breast cancer.methods:we retrospectively analyzed the representation of molybdenum target x-ray in 40 patients with small breast cancer diagnosed by biopsy.result:the molybdenum target x-ray showed nodosity tumor in 17 cases,calcification in 13 cases,density in 8 cases,focal grand architectural distortion in 6 case,single dilated in 3 cases and blood vessel line thickening in 6 case.conclusions:digital mammography is the most important means in the diagnosis of small breast cancer,which can distinguish between different kinds of breast density of different tissues and find small breast lump.the mammography has a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of small breast cancer.

目的：提高对小乳癌影像学的认识。方法：回顾性分析40例经病理证实的小乳癌患者的x线片。结果：x线表现为肿块17例，钙化13例，致密影8例，局部结构紊乱6例，单支导管扩张3例，血管影增多、增粗6例。结论：影像学是小乳癌诊断的最主要手段，能区别乳房各种不同组织的不同密度，能发现较小的乳腺肿块，对于乳腺癌的诊断，乳腺x线钼靶摄片具有较高的灵敏度。

The stable clones are further identified by RT-PCR and Western blot; 6 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of cells (AGS, SGC7901, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 7 Soft agar assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the clonality of cells (AGS, MKN28); 8 Nude mice assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28); 9 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell cycle distribution of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 10 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell apoptosis of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3); 11 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR) in vitro; 12 SRCA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR) in vivo; 13 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on adriamycin accumulation of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR); 14 Transmission electron microscope is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of SGC7901 cells towards drug-induced apoptosis; 15 Flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay are used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60/VCR) towards drug-induced apoptosis; 16 Microarray is used to investigate the profiling of ZNRD1-responsive genes in gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28, SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR); 17 RT-PCR and Western blot are used to identify the results of microarray; 18 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1; 19 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of MDR1; 20 Kinase assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the activity of cyclin E-CDK2 kinase; 21 The antisensenucleic acids of p21 is used to inhibit the expression of p21, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p21 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 22 The antisensenucleic acids of p27 is used to inhibit the expression of p27, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p27 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 23 Liposome is used to up-regulate the expression of Skp2, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of Skp2 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 24 Western blot is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the stability of Skp2 and p27 in gastric cancer cells; 25 MVD assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the angiopoietic activity of gastric cancer cells; 26 ELISA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the expression of VEGF165 in gastric cancer cells; 27 The roles of DARPP-32 in MDR of gastric cancer cells are investigated using gene transfection, MTT assay, SRCA, flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay.

应用杂交瘤技术制备ZNRD1的首个单克隆抗体；2）利用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测ZNRD1在胃癌组织、胃炎组织、正常胃上皮组织、胃癌细胞和正常胃组织上皮细胞中的表达；3）构建ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体，并测序鉴定；4）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的真核表达载体及其空载体转染胃癌细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28）和小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3），G418筛选后进行鉴定；5）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体及其空载体转染药敏胃癌细胞（SGC7901）、正常胃组织上皮细胞（GES-1）、对长春新碱耐药的胃癌细胞（SGC7901/VCR）、药敏白血病细胞（HL-60）、对长春新碱耐药的白血病细胞（HL-60/VCR），G418筛选后进行鉴定；6）利用MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）生长的影响；7）通过软琼脂克隆形成实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞克隆形成能力的影响；8）通过裸鼠成瘤实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞体内成瘤性的影响；9）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）的细胞周期的影响；10）通过流式细胞仪分析上调ZNRD1对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3）的凋亡的影响；11）通过MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）体外药物敏感性的影响；12）通过肾包膜下移植法检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR）体内药物敏感性的影响；13）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）内阿霉素蓄积和泵出的影响；14）通过透射电镜检测上调ZNRD1对SGC7901细胞凋亡敏感性的影响；15）通过流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60）凋亡敏感性的影响；16）通过基因芯片检测ZNRD1高/低表达对胃癌细胞内基因表达谱的影响；17）利用RT-PCR、Western blot对基因芯片的结果进行鉴定；18）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1对cyclin D1的启动子活性的调节作用；19）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对MDR1的启动子活性的调节作用；20）利用激酶试验检测ZNRD1对cyclin E-CDK2 激酶活力的影响；21）利用反义核酸技术抑制p21的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p21对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；22）利用反义核酸技术抑制p27的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p27对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；23）利用脂质体转染法上调Skp2的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测上调Skp2对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；24）利用Western blot检测ZNRD1对p27和Skp2的蛋白稳定性的影响；25）利用微血管密度实验检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞裸鼠移植瘤微血管形成的影响；26）利用ELISA检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞培养上清和移植瘤匀浆中VEGF165含量的影响；27）利用脂质体转染法、MTT实验、肾包膜下移植法、流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测新耐药相关分子DARPP-32对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、对阿霉素耐药的胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR）多药耐药表型的影响；利用脂质体转染法和MTT实验检测下调ZNRD1对DARPP-32介导的胃癌多药耐药的调控作用。

To mensurate the expression of MDR1 of different breast cancer cells from human breast cancer primary cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cell line,and the kill effect of chemotherapy drug with different breast cancer cells in vitro,and the change of the proporation and the expression of MDR1 of breast cancer stem cells after chemotherapy.

测定人乳腺癌标本和MCF-7中不同细胞亚群的MDR1表达情况；并测定化疗药物在体外对人乳腺癌原代细胞和MCF-7中不同细胞亚群的杀伤作用，以及在化疗药物干预后，乳腺癌干细胞的含量和MDR1表达的变化情况。

Breast cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death for Taiwanese women. X-ray mammography is currently the most effective method for an early diagnosis of the breast cancer. The existence of spicules is one of most important visual signs for breast cancer diagnosis. Spiculation is a stellate distortion caused by the intrusion of breast cancer into surrounding tissue. In general, malignant tumors appear with rough and complex boundaries or contours, whereas benign masses present smooth, round, or oval contours.In this paper, we present a technique to detect the contours of spiculated lesions from the regions of interest in a mammographic image.

中文摘要乳癌是是我国妇癌症死亡主因的第四位，乳癌诊断程序中，乳房X光摄影为临床上医生诊断乳癌的利器，在诊断乳房摄影肿瘤的影像时，可用特徵决定为良性或恶性肿瘤，良性肿瘤通常会呈现圆滑的特徵，而恶性肿瘤则呈现星状或不规则不平滑特徵，这种星状或不规则不平滑特徵组织，称为星状物肿瘤，指的是肿瘤周围的乳腺组织，因星状物往外侵犯的关系造成的变形，星状物的存在是恶性肿瘤判断的依据。

Methods By immunohistochemical method, the expression of bcl-2 and bad gene were observed in 8 cases of normal breast tissues 19 cases of breast hyerplasia, 20 cases of breast atypical, 48 cases of breast cancer in situs ,and test the expression of ER , PR and bcl-2 , bad in the breast cancer, Eight normal breast tissues were used control.

利用免疫组织化学染色SABC法，原位观察19例乳腺单纯性增生，20例乳腺非典型增生，48例乳腺癌组织中bcl-2、bad蛋白的表达以8例正常乳腺组织作对照。

Results Among 3 cases of repetitive cancer,2 cases were homocheonou double cancer of ascending colon cancer and rectum cancer or of right colic flexure cancer and descending colon cancer,1 case was heterochronic triple cancer of stomach cancer、lung cancer and transverse colon cancer.

结果 3例重复癌患者，有2例同时性双重癌，分别患升结肠癌及直肠癌和结肠肝曲癌及降结肠癌，1例异时性三重癌，患有胃癌、肺癌、横结肠癌。

Cent of patient of 51 breast cancer is the method two groups, use medical group of biology albumen rubber 25 routine breast cancer is improved effect a radical cure glue of use biology albumen is achieved in the operation when art, did not use medical group of biology albumen rubber 26 routine breast cancer is improved effect a radical cure biology albumen gum is not used when art, the 1st day drainage after observing art always makes the discharge, hypodermic case that accumulate fluid after quantity, art, in order to decide medical biology albumen glue is improved to breast cancer the precautionary effect that effects a radical cure fluid is accumulated hypodermically after art.

方法51例乳腺癌患者分为两组，采用医用生物蛋白胶组25例行乳腺癌改良根治术时在手术创面使用生物蛋白胶，未用医用生物蛋白胶组26例行乳腺癌改良根治术时不使用生物蛋白胶，观察术后第1天引流量、术后总引流量、皮下积液情况，以确定医用生物蛋白胶对乳腺癌改良根治术后皮下积液的预防效果。

Begg argues that all risk factors for breast cancer are overrepresented in incident cases of breast cancer, so that a sample of women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer and who are identified as mutation carriers are more likely to have other breast cancer risk factors than similar mutation carriers who are disease-free.

Dr。 Begg认为，所有的乳腺癌危险因子在乳腺癌病例中都被高估，所以一些已经被诊断为乳腺癌，且确认是某种基因突变的携带者妇女，比起具有相似的遗传突变的健康携带者，更可能是其他乳腺癌的危险因子导致疾病发生。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？