查询词典 breach of contracts

Civil Trial Chamber I: civil cases in own jurisdiction (except by the jurisdiction of the Jing people's Court and the Punan people's Courts) related to real estate, labor disputes, compensation for road traffic accident damages, reputation infringement and so on; Civil Trial Chamber II: economic dispute cases in own jurisdiction, related Sales contracts, Contracts contracts, Loan contracts, property leasing, bankruptcy, bills and other disputes; Civil Trial Chamber III: civil contracts and tort disputes, related marriage and family, inheritance, personal rights, special tort, labor dispute, labor contracts, service contracts, and others, and cases which is applied of the special procedures of heard.

民事审判第一庭：审理本辖区内（除由泗泾人民法庭、浦南人民法庭管辖区域外）房地产类、劳动争议、道路交通事故损害赔偿、名誉侵权等民事案件；民事审判第二庭：审理本辖区内各类经济纠纷案件，主要包括：买卖合同、承揽合同、借贷合同、财产租赁、破产、票据纠纷等；民事审判第三庭：审理的案件类型包括婚姻家庭、继承、人身权、特殊侵权、劳动争议、劳务合同、服务合同等民事合同和侵权纠纷，以及适用特别程序审理的案件。

Neral contracts enterprises with indistinct and synthetical judgment method, analyze the main work of the general contracts enterprises with the theory of PAEI; the developing stage, build the value sharing chain of general contracts enterprises, and value sharing system, bring forward that the general contract enterprises must pay attention to develop the core value chain and the no core value chain; the leading stage, introduce the key competitiveness of the business ecosystem, analyze general contracts enterprises'the value of core value chain and enhance the key competitiveness of enterprises; the renewal stage, analyze update mode of business ecosystem and development trend of general contracts enterprises.

开拓阶段，以模糊综合评价法来选择总承包企业的伙伴企业，并且以PAEI理论分析了此阶段工程总成承包企业的工作重点；发展阶段，构建了工程总承包企业的价值共享树，建立价值共享体系，并且提出总承包企业要注意发展核心价值链和非核心价值链；领导阶段，介绍了商业生态系统的核心竞争力，对总承包企业的核心价值链进行价值分析，提高企业的核心竞争力；更新阶段，分析商业生态系统的更新方式和工程总承包的发展趋势。

This paper attempts to make recommendations, with a new view to the contract breach fine research, on the nature of contract breach fine should be compensation, punitive coexist, through the study of different national legislation on the different provisions of contract breach fine, combined with existing academic disputes, and the expurgation of confusion and false in the concept of contract breach fine.

本文试图通过对各国立法关于违约金性质的不同规定之考察比较，结合阐述学界对违约金性质所存在的争议，廓清违约金概念中的混乱与不实之处，对我国违约金性质应赔偿性、惩罚性并存提出建议，以期展现违约金问题研究的一个新视角。

The People's Bank of China shall take specific measures pertinently, build up archives of information on the business of commercial acceptance bills within its jurisdiction gradually, and do a good job in monitoring and analyzing the business of commercial acceptance bills within its jurisdiction, it shall build up a "blacklist" of those which unreasonably refuse and defer the payments under commercial acceptance bills, circularize the blacklist to the public at regular intervals, attach more social attention to the payments in breach of contracts, and impose severer punishments on the enterprises that breach contracts.

人民银行要有针对性地采取具体措施，逐步建立辖内商业承兑汇票业务信息档案，做好辖内商业承兑汇票业务的监测与分析工作；建立无理拒付、拖延支付商业承兑汇票的"黑名单"制度，定期向社会通报，增强违约支付的社会关注程度，加大对违约企业的惩戒力度。

This is aprinciple allowing the parties to alter or terminate the contracts on the basis of theprinciple of bona fides,i.e.,after the coming into effect and before theaccomplishment of the contracts,there appears change of circumstances whichneither can be expected and nor imputable to the parties,thus making it impossible,very hard or not necessary to implement the contracts,since maintaining the originaleffect of the contracts would lead to fundamental change of the interests of theparties.

其基本含义是指合同有效成立后、履行完毕前，因不可归责于当事人的事由发生不可预见的情势变化，致使合同的履行变得不能或非常艰难或不必要，若维持合同原有效力将导致双方利益均衡根本改变，基于公平原则允许合同变更或解除的一项法律制度。

The author in this chapter holds that legal value of liberalism determines the capacity of parties to contracts as subjects and their rights and obligations, and therefore, the idea of liberalism is the soul of contracts, and contracts are a direct outcome of the value of liberalism, and the existance of free contracts will become meaningless without the supremeness of individual rights orignated in liberalism.

因此，可以说，自由主义思想是契约的灵魂，契约是自由主义价值的直接产物，没有自由主义思想中的个人权利至高无上性，自由正义的契约就无从存在。

AIn the event of loss of time due to(1) deficiency of men or stores;(2) breakdown or damage to hull, machinery or equipment;(3) detention by average accidents to ship or cargo including collision and stranding; drydocking or (4) repairs, Vessels other necessary measures to maintain the efficiency of the certificates, and/or other (5)failure to possess or carry on board valid Vessel's documentation for the cargo service, including valid Panama and Suez Canal admeasurement certificates;(6) strikes, refusal to sail, breach of orders or neglect of duty on the part of the Master, Officers or Crew;(7) detention of or interference with the Vessel by any authorities in consequence of legal action against, or breach of regulations by the Owners, Master, Officers or Crew (unless brought about by the negligent act or omission of Charterers);(8) stoppages resulting from any breach of this Charter by the Owners;(9) deviation, putting back or putting into any port other than that to which she is bound under the instructions of Charterers for any reason or for any purpose of mentioned in this Clause or for the purpose of obtaining medical advice or treatment for or landing any sick or injured ship's personnel;(10) those agreed as off-hire as elsewhere provided herein or any other causes either hindering or preventing the efficient working of the Vessel, or rendering the Vessel unavailable for the Charterers' service, hire to cease from commencement of such loss of time until the Vessel is again in an efficient state to resume her service from a position not less favourable to Charterers than that at which such loss of time commenced.

停租 16.Off-Hire如时间损失是由于(1)人员或船用品不足；(2)船壳，机器或设备损坏；(3)船舶或货物遇到海损事故包括碰撞和搁浅而造成延误；(4)修船，进行干船坞或保持本船效能所采取的其他必要措施；(5)未持有或未随船携带货运需要的有效证件及或其他船舶文件，包括有效的巴拿马和苏伊士运河丈量证件；(6)船长，船员或水手的罢工，拒航，违抗命令或失职；(7)任何当局因船东，船长，船员或水手受到控告或违章对本船实行拘留或干预(但租船人的疏忽行为或不行为所引起者除外)；(8)船东违反租约而停工；(9)由于本条所提到的任何原因或任何目的或由于伤病船员上岸治疗而使本船绕航，折返或靠挂非租船人所指示的其他港口；(10)本租约另有规定的停租项目或其他任何原因，以致妨碍或阻止本船有效运行或使本船不能给租船人使用，则从时间损失起至本船重新处于有效状态，在不使租船人比时间损失开始之时的船位吃亏的地点恢复服务止，租金停止。

In the event of loss of time due to（1） deficiency of men or stores;（2）breakdown or damage to hull, machinery or equipment;（3） detention by average accidents to ship or cargo including collision and stranding;（4） repairs, drydocking or other necessary measures to maintain the efficiency of the Vessels （5）failure to possess or carry on board valid certificates, and/or other Vessel's documentation for the cargo service, including valid Panama and Suez Canal admeasurement certificates;（6） strikes, refusal to sail, breach of orders or neglect of duty on the part of the Master, Officers or Crew;（7） detention of or interference with the Vessel by any authorities in consequence of legal action against, or breach of regulations by the Owners, Master, Officers or Crew （unless brought about by the negligent act or omission of Charterers）;（8） stoppages resulting from any breach of this Charter by the Owners;（9） deviation, putting back or putting into any port other than that to which she is bound under the instructions of Charterers for any reason or for any purpose mentioned in this Clause or for the purpose of obtaining medical advice or treatment for or landing any sick or injured ship's personnel;（10） those agreed as off-hire as elsewhere provided herein or any other causes either hindering or preventing the efficient working of the Vessel, or rendering the Vessel unavailable for the Charterers' service, hire to cease from commencement of such loss of time until the Vessel is again in an efficient state to resume her service from a position not less favourable to Charterers than that at which such loss of time commenced.

如时间损失是由于（1）人员或船用品不足；（2）船壳、机器或设备损坏；（3）船舶或货物遇到海损事故包括碰撞和搁浅而造成延误；（4）修船、进行干船坞或保持本船效能所采取的其他必要措施；（5）未持有或未随船携带货运需要的有效证件及或其他船舶文件，包括有效的巴拿马和苏伊士运河丈量证件；（6）船长、船员或水手的罢工、拒航、违抗命令或失职；（7）任何当局因船东、船长、船员或水手受到控告或违章对本船实行拘留或干预（但租船人的疏忽行为或不行为所引起者除外）；（8）船东违反租约而停工；（9）由于本条所提到的任何原因或任何目的或由于伤病船员上岸治疗而使本船绕航，折返或靠挂非租船人所指示的其他港口；（10）本租约另有规定的停租项目或其他任何原因，以致妨碍或阻止本船有效运行或使本船不能给租船人使用，则从时间损失起至本船重新处于有效状态，在不使租船人比时间损失开始之时的船位吃亏的地点恢复服务止，租金停止。

In the event of loss of time due to （1）deficiency of men or stores;（2）breakdowm or damage to hull, machinery or equipment;（3）detention by average accidents to ship or cargo including collision and stranding;（4）repairs, drydocking or other necessary measures to maintain the efficiency of the Vessel;（5）failure to possess or carry on board valid certificates, and/or other Vessel's documentation for the cargo service, including valid Panama and Suez Canal admeasurement certificaters;（6）strikes, refusal to sail, breach of orders or neglect of duty on the part of the Master, Offieers or Crew;（7）detention of or interference with the Vessel by any authorities in consequence of legal action against, or breach of regulations by the Owners, Master, Officers or Crew （unless brought about by the negligent act or omission of Charterers）;（8） stoppages resulting from any breach of this Charter by the Owners;（9）deviation, putting back or putting into any port other than that to which she is bound under the instructions of Charterers for any reason or for any purpose mentioned in this~Clause or for the purpose of obtaining medical advice or treatment for or landing any sick or injured ship's personnel;（10）those agreed as offhire as elsewhere provided herein or any other causes either hindering or preventing the efficient working of the Vessel, or rendering the Vessel unavailable for the Charterers' service, hire to cease form commencement of such loss of time until the Vessel is again in an efficient state to resume her service from a position not less favourable to Charterers than that at which such loss of time commenced.

如时间损失是由于（1）人员或船用品不足；（2）船壳、机器或设备损坏；（3）船舶或货物遇到海损事故包括碰撞和搁浅而造成延误；（4）修船、进行干船坞或保持本船效能所采取的其他必要措施；（5）未持有或未随船携带货运需要的有效证件及或其他船舶文件，包括有效的巴拿马和苏伊士运河丈量证件；（6）船长、船员或水手的罢工、拒航、违抗命令或失职；（7）任何当局因船东、船长、船员或水手受到控告或违章对本船实行拘留或干预（但租船人的疏忽行为或不行为所引起者除外）；（8）船东违反租约而停工；（9）由于本条所提到的任何原因或任何目的或由于伤病船员上岸治疗而使本船绕航，折返或靠挂非租船人所指示的其他港口；（10）本租约另有规定的停租项目或其他任何原因，以致妨碍或阻止本船有效运行或使本船不能给租船人使用，则从时间损失起至本船重新处于有效状态，在不使租船人比时间损失开始之时的船位吃亏的地点恢复服务止，租金停止。

In this article,the authors make a full-scale discussion on the liability of the breach of faith from the aspects of rights and obligations of parties of administrative contract, people of bearing liability for breach of faith , manner and condition of bearing administrative, civil and criminal liability for breach of faith .

本文从合同当事人的权利和义务、违约责任的主体、承责方式和承责条件四个方面对这两类合同的违约责任问题进行了全面的探讨。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？