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The reported MADS-box genes related to the development of plant flowers in dioecious plants were introduced in detail. And the relationship between MADS-box genes and the sex determination and differentiation of the dioecious plants was analyzed and discussed.

对已经报道的与雌雄异株植物花发育的MADS-box基因进行详细的介绍，并对MADS-box基因与雌雄异株植物的性别决定及分化间的关系进行了分析探讨。

Most genes in the ABC model of the development of plant flowers in hermaphroditic plants belong to MADS-box genes. But the researches on MADS-box genes in dioecious plants are less.

雌雄同株植物花发育的ABC模型中已知的大多数基因都属于MADS-box基因，但在雌雄异株植物中对MADS-box基因的研究较少。

In this review, we use Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as examples, and summarize the study results of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in two major groups of angiosperms — core eudicots and monocots — over the past decade. Our aim was to review the functional conservation and diversity of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in angiosperms and discuss whether the ABCDE model has been conserved in monocotyledons.

本文以模式植物拟南芥和水稻为例，综述了近10年来对被子植物两大主要类群——核心真双子叶植物和单子叶植物花同源异型MADS-box基因的研究成果，分析MADS-box基因在被子植物中的功能保守性和多样性，同时探讨双子叶植物花发育的ABCDE模型在多大程度上适用于单子叶植物。

CAAT box" and "TATA box, potential regulatory motifs from transcription, and conserved cis-acting regulator elements were discovered within LTRs in the great number of sequences using plantCARE sortware.6 The insertional polymorphism of LTR-10 element within the genome of 8 wild species and 28 cultivars of Mallus Mill. was studied by sequence-specific amplification polymorphism.

分析获得的Tyl-copia类逆转座子的LTRs，其中含有启动子的结构特征&CAAT box&和&TATA box&及受不同胁迫条件作用的调控元件。6、基于苹果Tyl-copia类逆转座子LTR-10的SSAP技术在苹果属8个野生种和28个栽培品种中表现出了丰富的遗传多态性，多态性片段比例为88.2％。

19Bp Palindromic sequence of fur box is used to amplify in 70 genes , the result indicates that 26 of 70 genes probobly have fur box .

利用Fur-box的19bp的回文序列在这70个基因中共找到了26个推测的Fur-box。

ARC1(arm repeat containing 1 ) is a very important downstream protein factor in sporophytic self- incompatible signaling process. It is made up of arm repeat domain, U-box domain, leucine zipper domain/ coiled-coil domain, one nuclear localization signal and two nuclear export signal, arm repeat domain and U-box domain are main functional domain.

臂重复蛋白ARC1(arm repeat containing1，ARC1)是孢子体型自交不亲和信号传导途径下游非常重要的蛋白质因子，由臂重复结构域、U-box结构域、亮氨酸拉链/卷曲螺旋结构域、1个核定位信号和2个核输出信号组成，其中臂重复结构域和U-box结构域起主要功能。

TATA box and CAAT box-like elements were found in the sequence,and GC domains were rich in the far upsteam of the promoter.

序列分析表明它含有类似于TATA box和CAAT box的元件，在其远端上游区域还有多个GC富含区。

The summary results are below:1. GUS expression under the driving of the BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was essentially undetectable in the young seedlings under normal growth conditions. GUS activity was first detected in the stigma of young flowers, peaked in the young siliques, and decreased when the siliques became older. No GUS expression was found in the mature siliques, seeds or root.2. The BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was inducible by NaCl, PEG, wounding and MeJA treatments. High levels of GUS expression were detected in the transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants after wounding, NaCl, PEG, and MeJA treatment, indicating that the BjCHI1 promoter responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.3. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in B. juncea was inducible by PEG and NaCl.4. The transcription start site was determined by 5′-RACE, and was located at the 17th nucleotide upstream of the translation initiation codon of the BjCHI1 gene.5. A -805/+17 promoter fragment was enough to response to wounding and MeJA induction, which was proved in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. The 397 bp region between -805 and -409 of the BjCHI1 promoter contains a cis-acting element that is essential for the wounding and MeJA inducibility.6. The -695/-620 region was necessary but not sufficient to confer MeJA-responsive expression. A T/G-box locates in -353 play an important role in the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in response to MeJA treatment. The 76 bp region is coupled with the T/G-box to confer full MeJA-inducible transcription of the BjCHI1 gene.

主要结果如下：1、利用转基因拟南芥植株分析表明，正常生长条件下，BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)驱动GUS基因主要在花柱中表达，幼嫩的荚也有表达，并随着果荚的成熟而减弱，成熟的果荚、种子和根没有显示GUS活性。2、BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)能驱动GUS基因在转基因烟草和拟南芥中响应伤害的诱导，转基因拟南芥的分析还证明BjCHI1启动子也受MeJA、NaCl和PEG的诱导，证明BjCHI1启动子是一个伤害、MeJA、NaCl和PEG等生物和非生物因素诱导启动子。3、RT-PCR进一步证明芥菜中BjCHI1基因也受NaCl和PEG的诱导表达。4、5′-RACE法鉴定了BjCHI1启动子的转录起始位点，位于翻译起始位点ATG上游第17个碱基A.5、转基因烟草和拟南芥分析证明，-805/+17的启动子片段足以响应伤害和MeJA的诱导，-805和-409之间397 bp的启动子片段含有对伤害和MeJA诱导必要的元件。6、本明烟叶片瞬时表达系统分析证明，一段76 bp的序列(-695/-620)对BjCHI1启动子响应MeJA的诱导是必要的，但不足以响应MeJA的诱导，位于-353的T/G-box也参与MeJA的诱导。76 bp的序列(-695/-620)与T/G-box协同起作用，赋予BjCHI1启动子MeJA诱导性。

Teacher: What's the point of starting with either a box or poly if you can't tweak well? And if you can tweak well, does it matters whether you started with a box or a poly?

老师： 用Box方法还是Poly方法建模的重点在与你是否能轻易扭转这个模型，如果你能轻易的实现，用Box方法还是Poly方法建模关系不大。

The results shows defect induced BOX SIMOX sample were featured with obvious expand BOX layer, the increase of thickness reaching to the level of about 30%, after high temperature annealing with high oxygen concentration in the atmosphere.

为了提高埋层质量，我们研究了二次补充注入的缺陷引入工艺，通过一系列二次补充注入拓宽BOX层的实验，发现在高氧浓度退火条件下BOX层有明显增厚的迹象，一般增厚幅度在30％左右。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了