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The reported MADS-box genes related to the development of plant flowers in dioecious plants were introduced in detail. And the relationship between MADS-box genes and the sex determination and differentiation of the dioecious plants was analyzed and discussed.

对已经报道的与雌雄异株植物花发育的MADS-box基因进行详细的介绍，并对MADS-box基因与雌雄异株植物的性别决定及分化间的关系进行了分析探讨。

Most genes in the ABC model of the development of plant flowers in hermaphroditic plants belong to MADS-box genes. But the researches on MADS-box genes in dioecious plants are less.

雌雄同株植物花发育的ABC模型中已知的大多数基因都属于MADS-box基因，但在雌雄异株植物中对MADS-box基因的研究较少。

In this review, we use Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as examples, and summarize the study results of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in two major groups of angiosperms — core eudicots and monocots — over the past decade. Our aim was to review the functional conservation and diversity of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in angiosperms and discuss whether the ABCDE model has been conserved in monocotyledons.

本文以模式植物拟南芥和水稻为例，综述了近10年来对被子植物两大主要类群——核心真双子叶植物和单子叶植物花同源异型MADS-box基因的研究成果，分析MADS-box基因在被子植物中的功能保守性和多样性，同时探讨双子叶植物花发育的ABCDE模型在多大程度上适用于单子叶植物。

CAAT box" and "TATA box, potential regulatory motifs from transcription, and conserved cis-acting regulator elements were discovered within LTRs in the great number of sequences using plantCARE sortware.6 The insertional polymorphism of LTR-10 element within the genome of 8 wild species and 28 cultivars of Mallus Mill. was studied by sequence-specific amplification polymorphism.

分析获得的Tyl-copia类逆转座子的LTRs，其中含有启动子的结构特征&CAAT box&和&TATA box&及受不同胁迫条件作用的调控元件。6、基于苹果Tyl-copia类逆转座子LTR-10的SSAP技术在苹果属8个野生种和28个栽培品种中表现出了丰富的遗传多态性，多态性片段比例为88.2％。

19Bp Palindromic sequence of fur box is used to amplify in 70 genes , the result indicates that 26 of 70 genes probobly have fur box .

利用Fur-box的19bp的回文序列在这70个基因中共找到了26个推测的Fur-box。

TATA box and CAAT box-like elements were found in the sequence,and GC domains were rich in the far upsteam of the promoter.

序列分析表明它含有类似于TATA box和CAAT box的元件，在其远端上游区域还有多个GC富含区。

The summary results are below:1. GUS expression under the driving of the BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was essentially undetectable in the young seedlings under normal growth conditions. GUS activity was first detected in the stigma of young flowers, peaked in the young siliques, and decreased when the siliques became older. No GUS expression was found in the mature siliques, seeds or root.2. The BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was inducible by NaCl, PEG, wounding and MeJA treatments. High levels of GUS expression were detected in the transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants after wounding, NaCl, PEG, and MeJA treatment, indicating that the BjCHI1 promoter responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.3. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in B. juncea was inducible by PEG and NaCl.4. The transcription start site was determined by 5′-RACE, and was located at the 17th nucleotide upstream of the translation initiation codon of the BjCHI1 gene.5. A -805/+17 promoter fragment was enough to response to wounding and MeJA induction, which was proved in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. The 397 bp region between -805 and -409 of the BjCHI1 promoter contains a cis-acting element that is essential for the wounding and MeJA inducibility.6. The -695/-620 region was necessary but not sufficient to confer MeJA-responsive expression. A T/G-box locates in -353 play an important role in the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in response to MeJA treatment. The 76 bp region is coupled with the T/G-box to confer full MeJA-inducible transcription of the BjCHI1 gene.

主要结果如下：1、利用转基因拟南芥植株分析表明，正常生长条件下，BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)驱动GUS基因主要在花柱中表达，幼嫩的荚也有表达，并随着果荚的成熟而减弱，成熟的果荚、种子和根没有显示GUS活性。2、BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)能驱动GUS基因在转基因烟草和拟南芥中响应伤害的诱导，转基因拟南芥的分析还证明BjCHI1启动子也受MeJA、NaCl和PEG的诱导，证明BjCHI1启动子是一个伤害、MeJA、NaCl和PEG等生物和非生物因素诱导启动子。3、RT-PCR进一步证明芥菜中BjCHI1基因也受NaCl和PEG的诱导表达。4、5′-RACE法鉴定了BjCHI1启动子的转录起始位点，位于翻译起始位点ATG上游第17个碱基A.5、转基因烟草和拟南芥分析证明，-805/+17的启动子片段足以响应伤害和MeJA的诱导，-805和-409之间397 bp的启动子片段含有对伤害和MeJA诱导必要的元件。6、本明烟叶片瞬时表达系统分析证明，一段76 bp的序列(-695/-620)对BjCHI1启动子响应MeJA的诱导是必要的，但不足以响应MeJA的诱导，位于-353的T/G-box也参与MeJA的诱导。76 bp的序列(-695/-620)与T/G-box协同起作用，赋予BjCHI1启动子MeJA诱导性。

Teacher: What's the point of starting with either a box or poly if you can't tweak well? And if you can tweak well, does it matters whether you started with a box or a poly?

老师： 用Box方法还是Poly方法建模的重点在与你是否能轻易扭转这个模型，如果你能轻易的实现，用Box方法还是Poly方法建模关系不大。

The results shows defect induced BOX SIMOX sample were featured with obvious expand BOX layer, the increase of thickness reaching to the level of about 30%, after high temperature annealing with high oxygen concentration in the atmosphere.

为了提高埋层质量，我们研究了二次补充注入的缺陷引入工艺，通过一系列二次补充注入拓宽BOX层的实验，发现在高氧浓度退火条件下BOX层有明显增厚的迹象，一般增厚幅度在30％左右。

By using gene-family-specific primers, we found MADS-box, Ser/Thr protein kinase showed significantly differential expression patterns between reciprocal cross-fertilized kernels and their parents, indicating that MADS-box and ser/thr protein kinase may also play important roles in wheat heterosis.

利用家族特异性引物的展示结果表明，MADS-box家族基因在小麦杂交当代种子与亲本之间存在明显的基因表达差异，且强优势的杂交组合与弱优势组合之间表现差异的cDNA比例差异显著；Ser/Thr蛋白激酶的差异相对较小，表明MADS-box和Ser/Thr蛋白激酶与小麦杂种优势形成有重要关系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。