查询词典 boundary

In practice, in order to obtain the boundary of a 3-D object, there's usually tens, even hundreds of slices to be segmented. It is very tedious that an expert anatomist manually delineates the boundaries of different structures.

另一方面，由于医学图像的分割往往需要处理多张切片，由医生手工逐一勾勒出每张切片中的对象边缘不仅十分繁琐，而且准确性完全依赖于医生的影像专业经验。

Boundary demarcation of strata in sequences with different orders,and anatomization of its inner cyclic structure are two keys in stratum sequence analysis.

当前，层序地层的划分主要采用地震、测井、钻井和露头等资料进行综合研究，还普遍使用人工"相面"式综合方法。

In this paper, the technique of constant temperature anemometer is usedto study the turbulent boundary layer which is controlled by periodicblow-suction on the wall.

本文应用热线测速技术，对风洞中平板湍流边界层壁面施加周期性抽吸扰动进行实验研究。

An IFA300 thermal anemometry is used to measure the average-velocity distribution in the boundary layer.

在一定的雷诺数范围内，对风洞内壁光滑平板壁面，用此天平仪测量了流体的摩擦应力及摩擦系数。

In this paper, coat is applied to the project of gas pipe flow from west to east. Thetechnique of constant temperature anemometry is used to study the mechanism ofdrag reduction for turbulent boundary layer coated on the surface of wall.

本文为了配合西气东输工程中采用管道壁面涂料减阻技术，应用热线测速技术，对风洞中壁面覆盖减阻涂料的平板湍流边界层进行减阻机理的实验研究。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

The four great Siberian rivers are the Ob (3300 miles), the Yenisey (2550 miles, with the Angara as its main tributary), the Lena (2720 miles) and the Amur (Heilongjiang, 2740 miles) which is the boundary river between Russia and China.

西伯利亚地区的主要河流有鄂毕河(3300英里)、叶尼塞河(2550英里，安加拉河为其主要支流)、勒拿河(2720英里)和俄罗斯与中国的界河阿穆尔河(黑龙江，2740英里)。

The four great Siberian rivers are the Ob (3300 miles, with the Irtysh as main tributary), the Yenisey (2550 miles, with the Angara as its main tributary), the Lena (2720 miles) and the Amur (Heilongjiang, 2740 miles) whch is the boundary river between Russia and China.

西伯利亚地区的河流都向北流入北冰洋，主要有鄂毕河（3650英里）、叶尼塞河（3487英里）、勒拿河（4400英里）和俄罗斯与中国的界河阿穆尔河（黑龙江，4350英里）。

However, determination of an angle of refraction for a ray passing through a boundary between transparent and stronglyoptically-absorbing media is still quite difficult.

这一定律被广泛应用于透明物质，但应用在金属吸收介质(即光线通过吸收介质/介质边界)时的情况，至今仍是一个未被很好解决的难题。

Equations and boundary conditions for tilt angle and twist angle of director are obtained with variation theory.

通过变分理论得到指向矢倾角和扭曲角满足的方程和边界条件。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。