查询词典 boundary layer

The educts exhibit as dot and strip. For 0.25%Y-7055 aluminum alloy the grain boundary is not coarse and apparent as before.

经过450℃，12h的均匀化处理后，晶界不再粗大、连续，析出物呈点链状或长条状。

Based on the basic law of electrostatics and the boundary-value problems of Poisson equation, two opposite thoughts of the study that electrets can either be designed to provide homogeneous electric fields or be designed to shield electric fields are discussed.

利用驻极体具有的可任意切割、拼装、黏接的特性，从静电学的基本规律及由泊松方程构成的静电边值问题出发，对驻极体既可对外提供电场又可设计为屏蔽电场的 2个相异思维的研究结果展开了讨论，从而，从理论上指出驻极体既可以制成提供均匀外场的材料又可以制成一种透气性静电屏蔽材料。

However,there are also slow polarization effects,which can not be described using Maxwell's theory.For the description of both fast and slow polarizations,a concept of boundary screen charges is introduced to avoid the complex electric displacement in dielectrics.Using quantum statistics,the excitation theory of screen charges can explain many properties of electrets and ferroelectrics.

慢极化效应使电介质的极化偏离了麦克斯韦方程组描述的规律，引入边界屏蔽电荷的概念来描述介质的极化过程，可以回避电介质内部复杂的电位移运动，从而能用屏蔽电荷激发的量子统计理论来说明驻极体和铁电体的许多性质。

I can tell you that our special envoys on the boundary question of the two countries have already held two rounds of talks.

可以告诉大家，解决中印两国边境问题的特别代表已经会晤了两次。

This paper mainly analyzes the legal status of estoppels and its application in the international maritime delimitation as well as its significance for China s maritime boundary delimitation .

在国际海洋划界领域，禁止反言原则包含在公平原则之中，其适用对我国海域划界具有重要意义。

The following exciting results are derived: 1 When considering the influence of some nonlinear elements such as hard-limit of exciters, the effects of some devices such as Power System Stabilizer, Unified Power Flow Controller and Static Var Compensator as well as using real parameter values of power systems in simulation , the SNB surface and the HB surface on the boundary of small signal stability region will turn close to each other and even coalesce together; 2 Under some conditions, coupling between slow exciters and shunt capacitors will bring negative damping in power system dynamics, which increases the possibility of oscillatory instability, so that a power system with mass shunt compensators is easily subjected to the oscillatory instability.

同时发现：1 系统中的慢速励磁，在某些情况下会与并联补偿电容器组产生负阻尼现象而显著降低系统的动态性能，大大增加系统出现振荡失稳的可能性；2 在采用较多并联电容器组补偿的电力系统中，更容易出现振荡型失稳。

The following exciting results are revealed: 1 When considering the influence of some nonlinear elements such as hard-limit of exciters, the effects of some devices such as Power System Stabilizer and Static Var Compensator which can introduce positive damping in power system, the reasonability of system parameter values in simulation, the SNB surface and HB surface on the boundary of SSSR will turn close to each other and even coalesce together; 2 Under some conditions, coupling between slow exciters and shunt capacitors will bring negative damping in power system dynamics, which increases the possibility of oscillatory instability. So the power system with mass shunt compensators is easily subjected to the oscillatory instability. In recent years, chaotic phenomena of power system have been reported many times. Some simulation studies even found chaos existing inside the power system SSSR. In this dissertation, chaotic phenomena in power systems are thoroughly studied in order to make clear the relation of chaos and SSSR. The following results are derived: 1 Based on Li-Yorke Theorem and their definition on the chaos, the existence of chaos in power system is verified; 2 Three possible routes of causing chaos in power system are found and deeply investigated. They are route of cascading period doubling, route of directly initial energizing and route of torus bifurcation (or quasi-periodicity). The latter two routes are investigated for the first time in power system stability studies; 3 When the stability conditions of chaos are broken, it is found they can lead to voltage collapse, angle divergence, or voltage collapse with angle divergence simultaneously.

针对在电力系统小扰动稳定区域内可能存在混沌吸引域的有关报道，本文深入研究了电力系统混沌现象的出现途径和与系统失稳模式之间的关系：1利用Li-Yorke定理和Li-Yorke的混沌定义，从理论上证明了电力系统混沌现象的存在性；2发现了电力系统中导致混沌出现的三种可能途径：倍周期分岔导致混沌、初始能量直接激发混沌和经由环面分岔导致混沌，并对后两种新发现的途径进行了较为细致的研究；3发现了混沌极限环破裂导致电压崩溃、角度失稳以及电压崩溃和角度失稳同时出现的现象，其中混沌极限环破裂导致系统角度失稳和电压崩溃及角度失稳同时出现的现象均属首次报道；4证明由微分-代数方程描述的系统模型，其小扰动稳定域的边界只包含HB、SNB和SIB三种分岔界面，在SSSR的内部和边界上，均不可能存在会导致混沌的点，从而将混沌现象排除在小扰动稳定域的研究之外，简化了后者的研究工作。

The boundary conditions at the intake and exhaust port were

为热传递分析，在表显示的边界条件5指定了。

From the surface, the atmosphere is labelled the troposphere for the first 14km up, then the tropopause (4km height), then the stratosphere (about 32km height), then the mesosphere (40km), then the ionosphere (over 600km in height) and finally the exosphere (another 200km), which is the boundary of space.

从表面上看，气氛标签的第一个14公里的对流层上升，那么对流层顶（4公里高度），然后在平流层（约32公里高度），然后中间层（40公里），然后在电离层（高度600公里以上）和最后是散逸层（另200公里），这是空间的边界。

In the numerical simulations of flow in twin screw extruders, imposition of boundary conditions on the inlet and outlet of the flow domain has long been a controversial problem.

在对双螺杆挤出机流场的数值模拟中，流道进出口边界条件的设置一直是一个颇具争议的问题。

Salt is good, but if the salt becomes flat and tasteless, with what do you season it?

14：33 盐本是好的，盐若失了味，可用什么叫它再咸呢？

He reiterated that the PLA is an army of the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

他重申，人民解放军是在中国共产党领导下的人民军队。