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For thinner films, stacking faults are preferred in the scratch process, which increase storage capacity of plastic deformation in the film, and further inhibit the stick slip amplitude in the friction oscillation process. For thicker films, dislocation loops, which glide along slip plane downward to the grain boundary, dominate over the stacking faults, and finally dissipate on the grain boundaries. Since the intergrain stacking faults are inactive in thicker films, the stick slip phenomenon is similar to that in single crystal.

摩擦过程中易在较薄的薄膜表面和薄膜晶界之间产生穿晶层错，穿晶层错的产生增加了薄膜蓄积塑性变形的能力，从而抑制材料表面摩擦力在黏滑过程中的振荡幅度；在比较厚的薄膜中不易生成穿晶层错，在摩擦过程中位错环依次向体材料发射，并与晶界反应，湮灭于晶界，黏滑动摩擦响应与单晶相似。

For the simon-pure culture could exceed era, politics, nation, phyle, national boundaries, gradation, religion and link with the hearts of everybody.

这象征着一个结束，也象征着一个开端；意味着延续也意味着变革。

The simon-pure culture could exceed era, politics, nation, phyle, national boundaries, gradation, religion and link with the hearts of everybody.

一位教育家和学者有一个公益沙龙是很正常的事。

Despite a national trend toward economic integration, the needs of state making during this turbulent period of Shandong's history prompted local authorities to restrict the movement of specie across administrative boundaries, leading to marked regional variations in both the silver-copper ratio and local interest rates that illustrate a real political constraint on the spread of purely market forces.

尽管国内经济趋向于整合，但是山东当时动荡不安的历史状态使得当地的当局迅速设立关卡以限制硬币的流通，并导致了银两—铜币汇兑比率和当地利率显著的地区变化——这显示了真实的政治力量对纯粹经济力量扩张的约束。

Diffusion mechanism,microstructure and optical properties of Ag/Si multilayerson annealing have been investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction,high-resolutiontransmission electron microscopy and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer,Siliconatoms diffusing along silver grain boundaries is suggested as the main diffusionmechanism.

采用原位X—射线衍射、高分辨透射电镜截面观察和光吸收谱测试等手段研究了退火过程中Ag/Si多层膜的扩散、结构演变及光学性质变化，并与可固溶性金属/Si系多层膜进行了比较。揭示了Si原子沿Ag晶界的扩散为主要的扩散机制。

Taken together, they show how our Stone Age brains — and the bodily boundaries they are used to — can be confused by technology that has outpaced our evolutionary development.

综合起来，他们展示了我们这些石器时代的大脑——以及这些大脑已经习惯了的身体边界——是怎样被超越我们进化水平的技术力量所迷惑的。

Transmitting boundary and semi-infinite element are respectively used to treat the lateral and underside boundaries.

分别用传递边界和半无限单元来处理侧面和底面边界。

Transmitting boundary and semi-infinite elements were respectively used to treat the lateral and underside boundaries.

分别用传递边界和半无限单元来处理侧面和底面边界。

The migrated results show much better de- fined salt boundaries and the steeply dipping salt flanks and the o- verturning salt bottom are well imaged.

与逆时偏移方法相比，单程波方程偏移具有所需内存小和计算效率高的特点，适合于大规模叠前深度偏移资料处理。

"Earth Hour is meant to cross geographic, economic, country boundaries," said Mr Ridley

&地球一小时是超越地理，经济，国家边界的。&他说

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。