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The plasma ignition threshold of metal is got through experimental and numerical study. The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air .

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值210倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q－YAG激光器（波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns），靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随著波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

Moreover, with regard to each and all provisions and collations of ecclesiastical benefices, confirmations of elections and petitions, grants of concessions, mandates and indults, of whatever kind, concerning both favours and matters of justice or both together, of whatever sense they may be -- which things we wish to be regarded as clearly stated in the present letter -- which were made by the synagogue or quasi-council of Pisa and its schismatic adherents, lacking all authority and merit, though they are indeed null and void, yet, for greater caution, we decree, with the approval of the said sacred council, that they are null and of no effect, force or importance; and that each individual, of whatever rank, status, grade, nobility, order or condition, to whom they were granted, or to whose convenience, advantage or honour they pertain, are to give up their fruits, incomes and profits, or to arrange for this to be done, and they are bound to restore both these things and their benefices and to give up the other aforesaid concessions, and that unless they have really and completely given up the benefices themselves and the other things granted to them, within two months from the date of this present letter, they are automatically deprived of the other ecclesiastical benefices which they hold by lawful title.

此外，关於每一个和所有条款和校对的教会benefices ，确认选举和请愿书，赠款的让步，任务和indults ，无论那种，都倾向於和有关事项的司法或两者一起，无论他们可能是意义-这是我们希望被看作是中明确指出本信-这是由犹太教堂或准安理会比萨及其分裂的信徒，都缺乏权威和价值，但它们实际上是无效的，但，有更大的谨慎，我们法令批准，该理事会表示，神圣的，他们是完全没有效果，武力或重要性和每一个人，无论职位高低，身份，等级，贵族，命令或条件，以他们被授予或其方便，优势或履行它们涉及，是放弃自己的水果，收入和利润，或安排这样做，他们的约束，以恢复这些事情都和他们的benefices和放弃其他上述让步，除非他们真正和彻底放弃benefices自己和其他的东西给他们，在两个月内之日起的本信，他们会自动被剥夺了其他教会benefices他们搁置的合法所有权。

While Freebase is focusing on building essentially a semantic equivalent of Wikipedia, and Twine is focused on a personal semantic database, both are databases, both focus on knowledge management, and both are Wikipedia-like.

而freebase是着眼于建设基本上是一个语义相当于维基百科，和缠绕的重点是个人的语义数据库，都是数据库，都集中在知识管理，都是维基百科一样。

The compatibility of both Gvirens and B.firmus was researched. The fermentation filtrate of Gvirens , under the concentration of 70%, had not distinct inhibitory activity to B.firmus, the biomass of B.firmus would decrease with above the 70% filtrate of Gvirens, but the fermentation filtrate of B.firmus had not inhibitive role to Gvirens. 7, The cooperation control of both Gvirens and B.firm to the pine needle blight was explored:(1) Pathogen inoculation happened prior to the bio-control treatment for 7 days, however, the disease index and control effect had not distinct differences in any treatments even if combination of the two antagonists, but the susceptibility for different kind of pine were different.(2)when antagonist and pathogen were inoculated at the same time, some control effect to the pine needle blight, including certain extent cooperation control of both Gvirens and B.firm were proved, but it wasn't distinct when two antagonists used separately, and the change of the antagonist concentration had little effect to the control effect.

G.virens与B.firmus对松赤枯病的协同控制显示：(1)预先接种病菌后(7天)再进行生物防治处理，不管那种情况，感病指数和防治效果在处理间差异不明显，浓度影响无显著差异，即使是两种生防制剂联合作用也未显著提高其防效，但不同树种间的感病性有明显差异；(2)领抗菌与病原菌同时接种，对松赤枯病有一定防治效果，两菌联合有一定的协同作用，两菌分别单独施用防效差异不显著，浓度变化对防效影响不大；(3)预先接种颇抗菌能显著提高防治效果，两菌联合处理防效更优，感病树种的感病指数可降至13一15，抗病树种的感病指数可控制在3%左右；在同一浓度下B.f1'r功US、叹叮厂即s间无显著差异，在同一领抗菌下，浓度愈高，防效愈高：松，(4)三种生防接种方式的平均效果分析表明，叹F行ens最高平均防效49.5%黑 B。

Hongye Machinery Factory production of machinery and equipment are widely used in metal processing production: Qi mouth edge, flat crimping, both inside and outside vertical crimping, pressure Blankholder bones, stretch forming, anti-side, crossed, metal ring inside the edge volume, Hemming, sand at the end, both inside and outside the sanding, the appearance of Belt Line, both inside and outside the skin polished, red-shaped punching, vol cylindrical, straight seam welding, weld line pressure, girth welding, pressure ring weld, sheet metal coated oil, pressure spiral teeth, cars spiral teeth.

鸿业机械厂生产的机械设备广泛用于五金制品加工生产：齐口切边、平面卷边、垂直内外卷边、压边压骨、拉形、反边、划线、金属圈卷内边、包边、砂底、内外砂光、外表砂带线、内外去皮抛光、冲形冲孔、卷圆筒、直缝焊、压直线焊缝、环缝焊、压环形焊缝、金属片涂油等、压螺旋牙、车螺旋牙。

They have noted that pietism and the Enlightenment both attacked Protestant orthodoxy, that both asserted the rights of individuals, and that both were concerned about practice more than theory.

他们指出，和虔诚主义的启示两个攻击新教正统派，他们都主张个人的权利，而且都担心多实践的理论。

At the same time, the pluralists oppose the one-sided understanding of logic, and take both traditional and modern logic, both formal and dialectical logic, both reductive and inductive logic as logic.

古代关于逻辑的思想看作一个尚未确定的领域，从而也就不能不注意到对象与工具相统一的方面，在对象的内容范围尚不确定的情况下，我们研究的工具完全可以是多元化的，既要用传统逻辑的工具，也要用现代逻辑的各分支所提供的工具去研究，最低限度这种研究可以是尝试性的，但尝试性研究是科学研究的必经阶段。

The first is to conduct a diagnostic survey of construction in the city both by the construction of energy-efficient design criteria for analysis, classification guidance; Second, the study and formulation of both the construction of energy-efficient industrial transformation policy, technology policy, economic policy and standards of play to the role of the market mechanism, promote the work; Third, for both the construction of the pilot energy-efficient model, and take the lead in strengthening the existing public buildings for energy-efficient technological transformation.

首先是对全市既有建筑作一次摸底调查，按建筑节能设计标准作出情况分析，进行分类指导；二是研究制定既有建筑节能改造的产业政策、技术政策、经济政策和标准规范，发挥市场机制的作用，促进这项工作的开展；三是开展既有建筑节能改造的试点示范，率先强化对政府既有公共建筑的节能技术改造。

Such doubts havesitimulated the researchers'curiosity and start to explore the students' terms This research proceeds by observation interview test using learning sheets and etc The purpose is to explore students' terms of scientific concepts sources of terms connections between students' usage nomenclature and chooses of usage The results of the research are as follows: 1 There are five kinds of naming principles for students' terms of scientific concepts: appearance habit function replacing and sound Appearance principle contains three categories: color shape and partial construction; habit principle contains custom and ability; replacing principle contains reality and non-reality 2 Students' terms of scientific concepts come from two ways: self-acquisition and learning through senses The former way is only a bit more common than the latter 3 There are three different relationships between students' usage of terms and nomenclature: one both the same in usage and meaning; the other both different; another different usage but the same meaning Normally terms that students used are various from nomenclature in the aspects of usage and meaning only a few would match and even rare for "Synonyms" to occur 4 Alternative options for students' scientific terms are maintenance adaptation or co-existence with formal scientific terms The most common way of selecting usage of terms is to maintain Sometimes students would adapt themselves once learn of scientist's term However some believe that very odd chances for both could exist at the same time

这样的疑问深深引起研究者的好奇，著手探索学生科学概念所使用的语言。本研究透过观察、访谈、学习单施测等方法来进行，目的在探讨学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语、学生惯用语来源、学生惯用语与科学家用语之关联性、学生惯用语选择。研究结果如下：一、学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语的命名原则有五种：外型、习性、功能、藉代称呼及声音，其中外型原则有颜色、体型及部份构造三类目，习性原则有习惯及能力两类目，藉代称呼原则有实体及虚拟两类目。二、学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语有两种来源，分别为自己称取和听来。学生惯用语来源较多为自己称取，透过其他方式听来少一点，但两种来源的比率差距甚小。三、学童在科学概念上所使用之学生惯用语和科学家用语的关系有三种，分别为用语意涵均相同、用语不同意涵相同和用语意涵均不同。学生惯用语通常和科学家的用语是不同的，且其意涵也不同，只有部份学生惯用语和科学家用语意涵均相同，至於学生惯用语和科学家用语不同但意涵相同的极少。四、学童的科学概念相关学生惯用语选择有三种，分别为维持学生惯用语、改变成科学家用语和科学家与学生惯用语皆可。学童的科学概念相关学生惯用语选择，以维持学生惯用语最多，而有些时候学生会在得知科学家的用语后改变成科学家用语，但认为科学家用语和自己使用的学生惯用语皆可的则很少。

A novel method used for segmentation of nucleus is proposed: filter the origin image with the median filter in both horizontal and vertical direction, which has a fairly wide window size, in order to reduce the infection of the noise and impurity; in both direction, use the threshold combined with the technology of finding the peak in local area to detect the real nucleus edge, and thus minimize the non-nucleus edge; also in both direction, let the border growing respectively using the type information; thereafter, weed the short border and link the border together to segment the nucleus, exploiting the convex character and border type.

提出一种新的细胞核分割方法：对图像使用水平和竖直方向的中值滤波，使用较大的尺度，尽量的消除杂质、噪声影响；在两个方向分别使用采用阈值限制以及局部最大值的方法检验边界，使非细胞核边界被剔除；在两个方向分别利用边界点的类型进行边界生长；边界生长完毕以后，剔除短边界，用两个方向获得的边界进行连接，充分利用其凸凹性和边界类型，完成分割。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。