查询词典 both

Under normal temperature.the Ca2+-ATPase activity was found on the innerside of the PM.on the vacuole envelope and the chloroplast envelope,and theenzyme activity declined upon heat stress.The Ca2+-ATPase activity on the vacuoleenvelope,PM.and the chloroplast envelope in both Ca2+-and oxalate-treated peppermesophyll cells was higher than that in the control under the same condition.TheCa2+-ATPase was also found at the granum lamella,and it was activatedsignificantly by exogenous Ca2+ and oxalate treatments.Under heat stress.the Ca2+-ATPase activity declined slowly in both Ca2+- and oxalate-treated mesophyll cells.But La3+ treatment inhibited the enzyme activity under both normal condition andheat stress.

常温下生长的叶肉细胞，在质膜、液泡膜、叶绿体被膜等处有Ca2+-ATPase活性，热胁迫后酶活性下降；外源Ca2+和草酸预处理对辣椒叶肉细胞各种膜上Ca2+-ATPase活性具有促进作用，特别是定位于液泡膜、质膜和叶绿体被膜上的酶活性明显比对照提高；在叶绿体基粒和基质片层上也有酶活性，并且Ca2+和草酸预处理对该部位上的酶活性激活作用更明显；La3+处理的作用与Ca2+和草酸处理的效果相反。

In the last chapter, on the basis of theories in paper [4, 5], the notions of strong mixing, weak mixing, generator and expansion of the variable-parametric dynamical system are introduced, it turns out that in variable-parametric dynamical system strong mixing implies weak mixing and then implies transitivity; it is proved that if and both are variable-parametric dynamical system, F conjugates with G , the members of F are communicate with each other and the members of G are also communicate with each other, what's more, they are both homeomorphism, then F is strong mixing implies G has the same properties; futhermore, we prove that F is strong mixing implies F Devaney chaos in the sense of modification in variable-parametric dynamical system and that F Devaney chaos in the sense of modification if and only if G Devaney chaos in the sense of modification when semi-conjugate with and they both are communicate and homeomorphism; at last, we illustrate that F has generator if and only if it has weak generator, and we also prove that if F is expansion, then F has generator.

在第三章中，我们在文[4，5]的基础上，提出了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合、拓扑弱混合以及变参数动力系统的生成子、扩张的概念；证明了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合蕴含拓扑弱混合，进而蕴含拓扑传递；证明了：如果，为两个变参数动力系统，F与G拓扑半共轭，且F两两可交换，G两两可交换，它们均为同胚映射，那么F拓扑强混合，则G也有同样的性质；本章还证明了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合蕴含F在修改的意义下Devaney混沌；在此基础上得出了：如果变参数动力系统与变参数动力系统拓扑半共轭，它们都两两可交换，并且它们均为同胚映射，那么F在修改的意义下Devaney混沌当且仅当G在修改的意义下Devaney混沌；得出了F有生成子当且仅当F有弱生成子；如果F是扩张的，则F有生成子。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

The present thesis adopts Iseult Honohan's six basic elements of republicanism as a theoretical framework for the study of Jefferson's conception of republicanism, which is the theoretical basis of his conception of the ward system:(1) Jefferson's conception of virtue, characterized by his optimism about the universality of the moral sense and the people's capacity of self-government;(2) Jefferson's conception of freedom, characterized by his synthesis of both negative liberty and positive liberty;(3) Jefferson's criterion of the republican government and the scope of the republic, characterized by his synthesis of both participation and representation;(4) Jefferson's conception of the shaping of republican citizens, characterized by the synthesis of school education and active participation in public affairs;(5) Jefferson's conception of the material preconditions of the republic, characterized by his primary concern for the economic independence and political freedom of both the individual and the nation.

杰斐逊的共和主义思想是他的分区制度构想的理论基础。论文首先采用Iseult Honohan 的"共和主义基本要素"作为理论框架，从以下五个方面对杰斐逊的共和主义思想进行研究：(1)道德观，主要特点体现为对道德意识的普遍性和人民的自治能力持乐观态度；(2)自由观，主要特点体现为消极自由与积极自由相结合；(3)共和政府的标准以及共和国的范围，主要特点体现为人民直接参政与代议制相结合；(4)塑造共和公民，主要特点体现为学校教育与积极参与公共事务相结合；(5)共和国的经济基础，主要特点体现为对个人与国家的经济独立与政治自由的关注。

Secondly, half axle differential to transfer power on both sides at the same time, allowing both sides Semiaxle a different speed rotation, as far as possible to meet the wheels on both sides of pure rolling in the form of isometric for not moving to reduce tire friction with the ground.

二是差速器向两边半轴传递动力的同时，允许两边半轴以不同的转速旋转，满足两边车轮尽可能以纯滚动的形式作不等距行驶，减少轮胎与地面的摩擦。

The invention discloses a vehicle speed matching method based on linear array CCD image, including the following steps that: two linear array CCD video cameras are respectively arranged on two sections positioned on a road at intervals; both linear array CCD video cameras face downwards and are provided with infrared ray laser source; the frame rate of each CCD video camera is more than 1,000 frames per second, and the resolution is more than 1,024 lines; correlation matching computation of the image sequences obtained by both linear array CCD video cameras is carried out to obtain the time difference of the same object in two image sequences; finally, by means of the time difference and the distance between both cameras, the driving speed of an object vehicle can be obtained according to the velocity formula V=s/t.

本发明公开了一种基于线阵CCD图像的车辆速度匹配方法，该方法在道路相距一定距离的两个断面上分别安装两个线阵CCD摄像机，两个线阵CCD摄像机指向垂直向下，线阵CCD摄像机上配有红外线激光源，线阵CCD摄像机的帧速率大于1000帧/秒，分辨率大于1024线；对两个线阵CCD摄像机得到的图像序列进行相关匹配计算，从而获得同一个目标在两个图像序列中的时间差，利用该时间差和两个摄像机的距离，根据速度公式V＝s/t即可以得到目标车辆的行进速度。

The researchers report they found a significant curvilinear association between BMI and baseline cognition for both black (-0.0014; P =.001) and nonblack (-0.0011; P =.002) participants and a small positive effect of increased BMI on the rate of cognitive decline over the 6-year period for both groups."These associations were substantially reduced and no longer significant in both groups when we dropped those participants with a MMSE score of less than 24, suggesting the observed associations may have been influenced by those participants with preclinical early dementia," the authors write.

研究者报告指出，他们发现，黑人(-0.0014； P =。001)和非黑人(-0.0011； P =。002)两组的BMI，与开始时的认知之间都有显著的曲线关系，且两组在6年追踪期间，BMI增加对认知衰退比率稍有正面效果；作者表示，当我们排除那些分数小於24者，这两组的这些关联都相当程度地降低且不再明显，显示所观察到的关联可能受到那些临床前早发失智症者的影响。

While the two filmmakers might not appear to have much on common on the surface, they've both been technical innovators, both been driven to the point of obsessiveness and both shared a cold eye for futuristic technology (Dr Strangelove's Doomsday device and Skynet, for example).

然而这两名导演在表面上看起来并没有太多的相同之处，但他们都是技术的创新者，都强迫自己奋发图强，也都展现了未来技术冰冷的一面如奇爱博士(Dr Strangelove毁灭世界的装置和天网。

They have noted that pietism and the Enlightenment both attacked Protestant orthodoxy, that both asserted the rights of individuals, and that both were concerned about practice more than theory.

他们指出，虔诚主义与启蒙运动既攻击新教的正统，这两个断言个人的权利，以及双方关心的实践多于理论。

Architecture description languages and their accompanying toolsets have been proposed as the answer. The XYZ/E is an executable linear temporal logic language. It can represent both dynamic and static semantics of systems. Basing on XYZ/E, the executable linar temporal logic language, we provide an architecture description language XYZ/ADL, which can represent both high-level abstract specification and the concrete implementation, thereby provides premise for the smooth transition from specification to implementation. And it can represent both the specification and the inner structure of a component under the unified logic framework, owing to the representability of the XYZ/E.

本项目研究旨在根据XYZ系统的特性，在时序逻辑语言XYZ/E的基础上，提出一种支持在XYZ系统中设计软件体系结构的描述语言XYZ/ADL，使之不仅能够对软件体系结构进行精确的形式化描述，而且为对其进行求精、验证、演化和分析提供基础，从而能在统一的时序逻辑框架下描述组件的规范和它的内部结构，并逐步过渡到最后的算法实现，从而能够支持软件开发设计的逐步求精全过程，把原有的两种支持软件开发的方法即支持模块化程序设计的方法和支持从规范到算法实现的逐步求精的方法有机地结合起来。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。