查询词典 both

This contract is written both in Chinese and Chinese, both of the languages have the same efficacity, if there is any dissension because the difference of character apprehension, both of the meaning of two languages should be reference and make a eclectic judgement.

本合同采用中文和英文两种文字书就，两种文字具有同等的效力，如若由于文字理解上的差异而造成争执，则必须将两种文字的意思做参照，作出折中判断。

The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when 210 generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air.

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值2~(10)倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q—YAG激光器(波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns)，靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随着波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

Department of Cultural Studies, Zhejiang Administrative College, Hangzhou 310012, ChinaAbstract: Faust is a genius creation in which Goethe combined artistic, philosophical and religious thinking together to comprehend the fate of human beings and he found out the fates of human beings were both fatalist and causality, both independent and dependent, both positive and passive.

德国启蒙时代的思想巨匠歌德以其伟大而丰富的文学创作，对西欧启蒙运动的发生、发展和终结在德国民族形式中加以艺术概括，形成了贯穿其一生的著名诗剧《浮士德》；该剧以百科全书式的多样性，向世人展现了它所张扬的自强不息精神和生命应在追求、超越中获得升华的理念；同时，它以巨大的勇气和深邃的洞察揭示了人类存在的困境和人性发展的悖论，体现了人类理性的一种普遍的"悲剧性"宿命。

In the book both has Russia and the Western Europesignificant historical event records narrates, and has therefore thematter to fictionalize; Both wrote the war, the knife light hasprepared the shade the fight, and has written the easy and comfortabletranquil daily life; Both has fervently discusses the person todiscuss the world, and has exquisitely composed expresses feelingsstates the bosom.

书中既有俄国和西欧重大历史事件的记叙，又有故事情虚构；既写了金戈铁马，刀光备影的战斗，又写了安逸宁静的日常生活；既有慷慨激昂的议人论世，又有细腻婉约的抒情述怀。

Both of them showed no toxic effect on mice at the testing dose of 10 mg/kg. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging test showed that both of the formicary extracts were potent radical scavengers and their scavenging activities were dose-dependent. Furthermore, at higher concentrations (5～10 mg/ml) both of them exhibited significantly higher DPPH scavenging activity than butylated hydroxytoluene.

二苯基三硝基肼(1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl ，DPPH)自由基的清除能力的检测表明：两种蚂蚁窝甲醇提取物都具有显著的自由基清除能力，并呈现出剂量依赖性，而且，在高浓度时(5～10 mg·mL-1)，它们的自由基清除能力甚至显著地高于二丁基羟基甲苯(butylated hydroxyl toluene，BHT)。

These results indicate that both the second type leucosome in the biotite gneisses and the first type leucosome were produced synchronously in the Paleoproterozoic granulite-facies metamorphism, and that both the melt-derived and the metamorphic Paleoproterozoic zircons suffered significant lead-loss in the Triaasic, suggesting that both felsic granulite and biotite gneisses be responses to the Triassic deep subduction event.

这表明，第二类浅色体和第一类浅色体都是古元古代麻粒岩相变质作用同期深熔产物。古元古代熔体结晶和变质结晶锆石在三迭纪发生了严重的放射性成因铅丢失，可反映长英质麻粒岩和黑云母片麻岩都响应了三迭纪深俯冲事件。

Under normal temperature.the Ca2+-ATPase activity was found on the innerside of the PM.on the vacuole envelope and the chloroplast envelope,and theenzyme activity declined upon heat stress.The Ca2+-ATPase activity on the vacuoleenvelope,PM.and the chloroplast envelope in both Ca2+-and oxalate-treated peppermesophyll cells was higher than that in the control under the same condition.TheCa2+-ATPase was also found at the granum lamella,and it was activatedsignificantly by exogenous Ca2+ and oxalate treatments.Under heat stress.the Ca2+-ATPase activity declined slowly in both Ca2+- and oxalate-treated mesophyll cells.But La3+ treatment inhibited the enzyme activity under both normal condition andheat stress.

常温下生长的叶肉细胞，在质膜、液泡膜、叶绿体被膜等处有Ca2+-ATPase活性，热胁迫后酶活性下降；外源Ca2+和草酸预处理对辣椒叶肉细胞各种膜上Ca2+-ATPase活性具有促进作用，特别是定位于液泡膜、质膜和叶绿体被膜上的酶活性明显比对照提高；在叶绿体基粒和基质片层上也有酶活性，并且Ca2+和草酸预处理对该部位上的酶活性激活作用更明显；La3+处理的作用与Ca2+和草酸处理的效果相反。

In the last chapter, on the basis of theories in paper [4, 5], the notions of strong mixing, weak mixing, generator and expansion of the variable-parametric dynamical system are introduced, it turns out that in variable-parametric dynamical system strong mixing implies weak mixing and then implies transitivity; it is proved that if and both are variable-parametric dynamical system, F conjugates with G , the members of F are communicate with each other and the members of G are also communicate with each other, what's more, they are both homeomorphism, then F is strong mixing implies G has the same properties; futhermore, we prove that F is strong mixing implies F Devaney chaos in the sense of modification in variable-parametric dynamical system and that F Devaney chaos in the sense of modification if and only if G Devaney chaos in the sense of modification when semi-conjugate with and they both are communicate and homeomorphism; at last, we illustrate that F has generator if and only if it has weak generator, and we also prove that if F is expansion, then F has generator.

在第三章中，我们在文[4，5]的基础上，提出了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合、拓扑弱混合以及变参数动力系统的生成子、扩张的概念；证明了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合蕴含拓扑弱混合，进而蕴含拓扑传递；证明了：如果，为两个变参数动力系统，F与G拓扑半共轭，且F两两可交换，G两两可交换，它们均为同胚映射，那么F拓扑强混合，则G也有同样的性质；本章还证明了变参数动力系统拓扑强混合蕴含F在修改的意义下Devaney混沌；在此基础上得出了：如果变参数动力系统与变参数动力系统拓扑半共轭，它们都两两可交换，并且它们均为同胚映射，那么F在修改的意义下Devaney混沌当且仅当G在修改的意义下Devaney混沌；得出了F有生成子当且仅当F有弱生成子；如果F是扩张的，则F有生成子。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

The present thesis adopts Iseult Honohan's six basic elements of republicanism as a theoretical framework for the study of Jefferson's conception of republicanism, which is the theoretical basis of his conception of the ward system:(1) Jefferson's conception of virtue, characterized by his optimism about the universality of the moral sense and the people's capacity of self-government;(2) Jefferson's conception of freedom, characterized by his synthesis of both negative liberty and positive liberty;(3) Jefferson's criterion of the republican government and the scope of the republic, characterized by his synthesis of both participation and representation;(4) Jefferson's conception of the shaping of republican citizens, characterized by the synthesis of school education and active participation in public affairs;(5) Jefferson's conception of the material preconditions of the republic, characterized by his primary concern for the economic independence and political freedom of both the individual and the nation.

杰斐逊的共和主义思想是他的分区制度构想的理论基础。论文首先采用Iseult Honohan 的"共和主义基本要素"作为理论框架，从以下五个方面对杰斐逊的共和主义思想进行研究：(1)道德观，主要特点体现为对道德意识的普遍性和人民的自治能力持乐观态度；(2)自由观，主要特点体现为消极自由与积极自由相结合；(3)共和政府的标准以及共和国的范围，主要特点体现为人民直接参政与代议制相结合；(4)塑造共和公民，主要特点体现为学校教育与积极参与公共事务相结合；(5)共和国的经济基础，主要特点体现为对个人与国家的经济独立与政治自由的关注。

Hanna: That's over now, isn't it?

都结束了，对吗

You must be ill. You look so pale.

你一定是病了，你的脸色苍白。