查询词典 biotypes

When challenged with 1-4μg CT and 4 wild toxigenic strains of different biotypes and serogroups with 10〓-10〓CFU. respectively. IEM108 developed high antitoxic and significant vibriocidal immune responses to vaccination and confer full protection.

家兔主动保护试验也表明IEM108的抗活菌和纯品CT攻击能力均强于IEM101，IEM108能抵抗至少4μg的CT毒素的攻击，对四种毒株不同剂量的攻击均能提供良好的保护。

Evaluation of IEM103 in rabbit animal model.The evaluation was based on the control-challenge study (IEM101 as control). Rabbits were laparotomized, injecteded 10〓 cfu directly into proximal small bowel, and 28 days later, challenged with 0.25--2ug CT and 10〓-10〓 cfu 4 wild toxic strains with different biotypes and serotypes. Experimental group developed antitoxic and significant vibriocidal immune responses to vaccination, and could protect no less than 2ug CT and 10〓-10〓 cfu all wild strains challenge.

IEM103的免疫原性评价：经兔肠段结扎免疫〓cfu IEM103，7天后在外周血中可检测到外周淋巴细胞分泌性抗CT IgG，血清中可检测到抗CT抗体、杀弧菌抗体，P／N均≥2，且可持续至28天。28天后用0.25-2ug CT毒素，四种毒株滨-43，吴江-2，395，1119〓cfu菌量攻毒，实验组可保护至少2ug CT攻毒，而对照组可保护1ug以下CT攻毒，两组均可保护〓cfu四种毒株攻毒（以肠积液量≥1.0ml／cm为不保护判断标准）。

Our results also discovered that there were two host preference biotypes of the aphid Aphis gossypii and the related behavioral mechanism was discussed in detail.

实验结果还证明了蚜虫在两种不同的寄主植物上形成了特定的取食专化型。

The DNA fingerprints of 4 biotypes of GM population from 7 locations were analyses by AFLP.Base on the fine mapping of resistance gene Gm6 against all 4 Chinese GM biotypes by RAPD and SSR methods respectively,the STS markers and SSR markers linked to gene Gm6 were used for breeding through marker assisted selection.Some new resistant germplasm with Gm6 gene were created.And 6 cultivars and 6 lines of two-line hybrid rice and 1 line of three-line hybrid rice against GM were bred and extended to the farmer.The technique system of MAS for resistant varieties against Asian rice gall midge was set up at Guangdong province of China.

用AFLP方法对从中国广东省7个地点采集的4个生物型的DAN指纹进行分析；在对用RAPD和SSR技术分别对抗中国4个稻瘿蚊生物型的基因Gm6精细定位基础上，用与Gm6紧密连锁的STS和SSR标记开展分子标记辅助育种，创造了一批抗稻瘿蚊的新种质，包括育成了6个栽培稻和6个二系杂交稻和1个三系杂交稻并在农户试种，在中国广东成功地建立了分子标记辅助选育抗稻瘿蚊品种的技术体系。

For the first time, this study conducted a series of field sampling in multiple locations over several years and demonstrated that the B and Q biotypes first invade areas with high frequency of transport through human movement of plant materials, and then rapidly spread into surrounding areas and displace indigenous genotypes, and in parallel with displacement significant changes in sex ratio occurred in the mixed populations. Crossing experiments demonstrated that in the B. tabaci species complex there are many genetic groups that are completely or nearly completely isolated in reproduction. Apart from behavioural mechanisms, difference in host plant suitability and insecticide susceptibility between whitefly biotypes may also play important roles in the displacement of indigenous whiteflies by alien whiteflies in Zhejiang.

本研究首次以一个地理区域内广泛系统的野外调查数据证实，B型和Q型烟粉虱首先通过花卉苗木调运入侵交通较为发达的地区，然后迅速向周边扩张并取代土著烟粉虱，同时入侵取代过程伴随着混合种群中性比的变化；杂交试验证明烟粉虱复合种内存在多个生殖上隔离或基本隔离的遗传群；B型烟粉虱在浙江省内迅速取代土著烟粉虱，除行为机制外，生物型之间寄主适应性和药剂敏感性等方面的差异也可能在此过程中起着重要作用。

However,the number of events and frequency of copulation between the biotype B and ZHJ2 decreased significantly compared with those between females and males of a given biotype being placed in one arena, demonstrating a degree of pre-mating partial reproductive isolation between these two biotypes.Although some of the adults of the biotype B and ZHJ2 copulated with each other,mated females produced only male progeny,demonstrating a post-mating complete isolation in reproduction between the two biotypes in cases where copulation has happened.

4B型烟粉虱与ZHJ2型烟粉虱在棉花上的竞争取代过程当B型烟粉虱与ZHJ2型烟粉虱以3：20的比例在棉花上开始竞争，在未喷施吡虫啉乳油的情况下，B型经过6代完全取代了ZHJ2型，并伴随着B型雌虫比例的上升和ZHJ2型雌虫比例的下降；在喷施吡虫啉乳油的情况下，B型取代速度加快，经过5代完全取代了ZHJ2型，也伴随着B型雌虫比例的上升和ZHJ2型雌虫比例的下降；B型单一种群中，雌虫比例稳定在55%～60%；ZHJ2型单一种群中，雌虫比例稳定在50%左右。

Biotypes Q and B are most well-studied biotypes among them.

其中，烟粉虱Q型和B型是目前研究最为广泛深入的两种生物型。

Our results also suggest that RAPD markers seem to be unsuitable to be used in analysis of the relationships of different biotypes, though they could be used to distinguish the different biotypes.

另外，聚类分析结果提示，RAPD分子标记能有效地区分烟粉虱不同生物型，但可能不适用于生物型之间亲缘关系分析。

The results showed that there existed significant difference in RAPD between different biotypes as well as among individual BPHs, and genetic purifying could lessen this difference in the level of individuals but not in the level of biotypes.

结果发现：家系纯化对褐飞虱个体及生物型1和生物型2群体的致害力均有影响，个体间存在的致害力差异有所减小，但未能消除；两种生物型群体的致害力均显著下降，至第五代时对感虫对照TN1的致害力已分别下降了23%和16%，然而各自的致害特征并未发生根本性的变化，表明它们的致害特性是相对稳定的。

The B biotype had higher sexual activity than the two indigenous biotypes in that B females were more receptive to males,and B males more frequently and efficiently courted female of the B biotype or another biotype.Besides,B males interfered more intensely with courtships initiated by rival males of another biotype than did indigenous biotypes.

而且，B型雄虫干扰ZHJ1型雄虫和AN型雄虫求偶比B型雄虫干扰另一B型雄虫的更成功，而对于ZHJ1型雄虫却恰恰相反。B型雄虫具有交配后保卫行为，可阻止其它雄虫的求偶，并且对ZHJ1型雄虫和AN型雄虫求偶的阻止比对B型雄虫求偶的阻止更有效。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。