查询词典 biotic

Based on analyses of GA′s properties,a novel algorithm,the immune algorithm—IA,is proposed with analogies to the concept and the theory of immunity in biotic science.

本文在分析标准遗传算法的优越性与存在不足的基础上，借鉴生命科学中免疫的概念与理论，提出了一种新的算法——免疫算法。

Improving C∶N and Lignin∶N ratio and biotic environment such as microbe quantity and activity. Increased UV-B radiation and N deposition also affected decomposition, but the results were uncertainty as the absent of data.

UV-B辐射和大气N沉降的增加亦对凋落物分解产生直接和间接的影响，但影响效果尚不很清楚，有待进一步的研究。

Stages in a secondary succession, which appear when the biotic components of a primary sere are destroyed, e.g. by fire, are called subseres; seres in microhabitats are called microseres.

次级演替群体出现于初级演替群体的生物组分发生一定程度的破坏后，例如：火灾造成次生演替系列；微生态改变造成微演替系列。

The summary results are below:1. GUS expression under the driving of the BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was essentially undetectable in the young seedlings under normal growth conditions. GUS activity was first detected in the stigma of young flowers, peaked in the young siliques, and decreased when the siliques became older. No GUS expression was found in the mature siliques, seeds or root.2. The BjCHI1 promoter (-1060/+17) was inducible by NaCl, PEG, wounding and MeJA treatments. High levels of GUS expression were detected in the transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants after wounding, NaCl, PEG, and MeJA treatment, indicating that the BjCHI1 promoter responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.3. RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in B. juncea was inducible by PEG and NaCl.4. The transcription start site was determined by 5′-RACE, and was located at the 17th nucleotide upstream of the translation initiation codon of the BjCHI1 gene.5. A -805/+17 promoter fragment was enough to response to wounding and MeJA induction, which was proved in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. The 397 bp region between -805 and -409 of the BjCHI1 promoter contains a cis-acting element that is essential for the wounding and MeJA inducibility.6. The -695/-620 region was necessary but not sufficient to confer MeJA-responsive expression. A T/G-box locates in -353 play an important role in the expression of the BjCHI1 gene in response to MeJA treatment. The 76 bp region is coupled with the T/G-box to confer full MeJA-inducible transcription of the BjCHI1 gene.

主要结果如下：1、利用转基因拟南芥植株分析表明，正常生长条件下，BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)驱动GUS基因主要在花柱中表达，幼嫩的荚也有表达，并随着果荚的成熟而减弱，成熟的果荚、种子和根没有显示GUS活性。2、BjCHI1启动子(-1060/+17)能驱动GUS基因在转基因烟草和拟南芥中响应伤害的诱导，转基因拟南芥的分析还证明BjCHI1启动子也受MeJA、NaCl和PEG的诱导，证明BjCHI1启动子是一个伤害、MeJA、NaCl和PEG等生物和非生物因素诱导启动子。3、RT-PCR进一步证明芥菜中BjCHI1基因也受NaCl和PEG的诱导表达。4、5′-RACE法鉴定了BjCHI1启动子的转录起始位点，位于翻译起始位点ATG上游第17个碱基A.5、转基因烟草和拟南芥分析证明，-805/+17的启动子片段足以响应伤害和MeJA的诱导，-805和-409之间397 bp的启动子片段含有对伤害和MeJA诱导必要的元件。6、本明烟叶片瞬时表达系统分析证明，一段76 bp的序列(-695/-620)对BjCHI1启动子响应MeJA的诱导是必要的，但不足以响应MeJA的诱导，位于-353的T/G-box也参与MeJA的诱导。76 bp的序列(-695/-620)与T/G-box协同起作用，赋予BjCHI1启动子MeJA诱导性。

Statistic analysis showed that soil temperature as the driving factor to the diurnal variation of soil respiration. Soil temperature and soil moisture were the dominant environmental factors affecting the seasonal variation of soil respiration and explained 87% of its variability. LAI and root biomass were positively related to soil respiration rate, indicating that biotic factors also affected the seasonal variation of soil respiration. However, soil properties such as soil organic content, total nitrogen content, and C/N ratio had poor correlations with soil respiration. Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer increased soil respiration significantly.

统计分析表明：土壤温度是玉米生态系统土壤呼吸日变化的驱动因素；土壤温度和土壤水分是影响土壤呼吸季节变化的关键因素，二者可以解释玉米生长季土壤呼吸时间变异的87%；LAI和根系生物量与土壤呼吸速率呈正相关，说明生物因子对土壤呼吸季节变化也有影响；土壤有机质、全氮和碳氮比等土壤理化特性与土壤呼吸速率的关系较弱；玉米生长季追施氮肥明显促进土壤呼吸速率。

It is influenced by both biotic factors and abiotic factors.

植被原生演替过程受到生物因素和非生物因素的共同影响。

The subject invention pertains to materials and methods useful for monitoring and management of certain pests well as other biotic and abiotic factors.

本发明涉及用于某种害虫和其它生物及非生物的因素的监视和管理的有用的材料和方法。

Lastly, the impact factors of methane flux are summarized, including biotic and abiotic factors.

湿地甲烷通量是由多种因素决定的，对影响湿地甲烷通量的因素的研究相当丰富，特别是近年来对生物因素的关注。

Review the biotic and abiotic factors, lead to the definition of ecosystem.

复习上节课的生物与非生物因素，并引出生态系统。

Plant often subject to many biotic and abiotic factors in plant growth and development phases, and it must adapt to the environment through regulation of genes. Transcription factors play important roles in plant development and its response to the environment, so we need to research the function of transcription factors deeply.

植物在生长发育过程中经常遭受到许多生物和非生物因素的胁迫，需要通过对基因的调控来适应，而转录因子在植物的生长发育和防卫反应的表达调控中有着非常重要的作用，因此需要对转录因子的功能进行深入的研究。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。