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See § 31. hence it has sometimes been said that consideration must consist of a "benefit to the promisor" or a "detriment to the promisee"; it has frequently been claimed that there was no consideration because the economic value given in exchange was much less than that of the promise or the promised performance;"mutuality of obligation" has been said to be essential to a contract.

参见第31条。因此，约因有时会被认为必须由"允诺人的利益"或者"受允诺人的损害"构成；经常会有这样的主张：因为所交换的经济价值要远远少于允诺或者被允诺的履行中的经济价值，所以约因并不存在："义务的均等"被认为对一个契约而言具有必要性。

Hence it has sometimes been said that consideration must consist of a "benefit to the promisor" or a "detriment to the promisee"; it has frequently been claimed that there was no consideration because the economic value given in exchange was much less than that of the promise or the promised performance;"mutuality of obligation" has been said to be essential to a contract.

参见第31条。因此，约因有时会被认为必须由"允诺人的利益"或者"受允诺人的损害"构成；经常会有这样的主张：因为所交换的经济价值要远远少于允诺或者被允诺的履行中的经济价值，所以约因并不存在："义务的均等"被认为对一个契约而言具有必要性。

The formal deductive systenm for Fuzzy propositional calculus, R0-algebras and BR0-algebras have been studied. The concepts of WBR0-algebras are proposed, the relationship between it and BR0-algebras has been investigated, the definition of basis BR0-algebras is simplified. Based on discussing the relationship between regular FI-algebras and regular residual lattice, the relationship between FI-algebras and basis R0-algebras has been investigated.

研究了王国俊教授建立的模糊命题演算的形式演绎系统L和与之在语义上相匹配的R0-代数以及吴洪博教授提出的基础R0-代数和基础L系统，提出了WBR0-代数的观点，讨论了它与BR0-代数的关系，简化了BR0-代数的定义，在讨论正则FI-代数与正则剩余格之间关系的基础上，讨论了BR0-代数与FI-代数的相互关系。

"They've been the provocateur and they've been the one that has been the team that goes out and makes a decided difference in games," Jackson said.

"他们相当具有破坏性。他们必将走出失败的阴影，在第七战再次扬眉吐气，"杰克逊说。

The following work has been done in this paper: Pseudo random number theory and method has been studied by the numbers. A software system based on RBD and simulation experimentation has been developed. Some examples were given to validate the correctness of pseudo random number theory and method. Comparing this software with former version in function. Comparing this software with BlockSim software.

本文主要开展了以下的工作：全面系统地研究了伪随机数的产生理论和方法：开发了"基于可靠性框图+模拟实验法的可靠性、维修性计算软件"；给出算例，对伪随机数的产生理论和方法进行了正确性验证；与前一版软件进行了功能上的对比；与BlockSim软件进行了对比。

To improve the product quality and production efficiency and reduce the production costs, the pyrophosphate rolling copperplating process has been developed, the impact of the composition of plating liquid and process conditions on the performance of the plating layer has been studied and plating liquid formation and process conditions have been determined.

为提高产品质量和生产效率，降低生产成本，研究开发了焦磷酸盐滚镀铜生产工艺，研究了镀液的组成及工艺条件对镀层性能的影响，确定了镀液配方及工艺务件。

A relationship of the roughness parameters of diffusing surface strongly depend on the space correlation function of quasi—ideal imagine system has been confirmed and a new method for evaluating roughness has been proposed. In Chapter 4, the statistical properties of superposed dynamic speckle from a rotating diffuser have been investigated under double Gaussian—beam illumination.

同时，本章还证明了准理想外差成像系统动态散斑的空间相关与表面粗糙度参数之间有很强的依赖关系，在此基础上提出了一种新的工程表面粗糙的测量方法和计算机仿真的结果。

According to the characteristics presented by armed helicopters during cruising or searching for ground targets, this paper has established the mean-square deviation stationary random model of helicopter tracks. It is an important method to decorrelate the measure noise by estimating the parameters of the color noise online. Kalman filtering and forecasting have been made with helicopter tracks. The simulated study has been carried out on helicopter tracks under the condition of color noise. It is very difficult to get an accurate and reliable prediction when the data is very limited. The paper make use of the theory of grey system to resolve the problem of prediction of helicopter tracks, establishing the GM model of grey systems and the cumulative residual error model of n degree, then correcting the GM forecast model. In the period of sampling, GM model and residual error model have been established on line to improve prediction precision.

结合武装直升机在巡航或搜索地面目标的特点，给出直升机航迹模型为协方差平稳随机模型，在线估计有色噪声参数，对测量噪声去相关，对直升机航迹进行卡尔曼滤波与预估，最后对有色噪声条件下的航迹进行了仿真研究；在数据非常有限的情况下，准确地预测又很困难，本文提出了用灰色系统理论解决直升机航迹预测问题，建立了灰色系统GM预测模型和n次累加残差模型并对GM预测模型进行修正，在每个采样期间内，实时在线建立GM预测模型和残差模型以提高预测精度。

On the base of the advanced theories, research methods from home and abroad, intensive use of urban land on the connotation and extension have been defined, also the driving factors of intensive use land in Xinjiang have been analyzed. As the case of nineteen cities of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, from the land input level, the extent of land use, land-use efficiency and land use in four areas of eco-environmental quality, the establishment of a level of intensive use of urban land evaluation system has been done in this ***. Using the methods of Principal component analysis, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and ArcGIS, calculate the principal city of the intensive use of urban land points between 2001-2006, the municipalities of urban Land Use Composite Index, build the three-dimensional display model of Intensive use level of urban land, then analyses the characteristics of spatial-temporal variance of the urban land intensively utilization. Finally, analysis propose measures and advices.

本文反在呼取海外外相闭实际和研讨方式的基本上，闭于城市土地集约当用的外涵及外延入行了界订，并闭于旧疆土地集约当用的驱动果荤入行了剖析，然后以旧疆19个从要城市为研讨区域，自土地投入火平、土地当用火平、土地当用效力和土地当用生态环境量量四个方里，树立了城市土地集约当用火平评价指本体解，采取从败开剖析法闭于旧疆2001—2006暮年城市土地集约当用火平入行了评价，盘算各从要市的城市土地集约当用得开，用秩相闭解数闭于所盘算出的各市的城市土地集约当用综开得开入行时光特征剖析；还帮ArcGIS软件，剖析旧疆城市土地集约当用火平的空间格局；自城市非工业己口、投入、产出取用地删加弹性三个方里剖析城市土地分体集约当用收铺趋背；最初降出了土地集约当用的闭于策建议。

Taught by the Government that they had rights entitled to respect, when those rights have been assailed by the rapacity of the white man, the arm which should have been raised to protect them has ever been ready to sustain the aggressor.

政府说过他们有权受人尊敬，而他们的这些权利却一直遭到贪得无厌的白人的破坏，所以，他们本来该举起来保护自己的手臂却一直只能准备用来挡架别人的攻击。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。