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The lens axicon is based on the use of the spherical aberration of the mirror surfaces,which is inexpensive and easy to manufacture into a element with large apertures as compared with diffractive axicons,refractive cone axicons,and earlier lens axicons with aspheric surfaces;the opaque disk can offer the Bessel beams with long non-diffracting distances,and the diameter of the central peak is adjusted by choosing the focal length of the collimating lens;the tunable fluidic conical lens is a new device for generating Bessel beams,which can obtain the Bessel beams with different parameters by varying the refractive indexes of the solution which is filled in the device.

双透镜轴棱锥法主要基于透镜球面像差的运用，与衍射轴棱锥、折射轴棱锥和早期的非球面轴棱锥相比，具有加工简单、便宜，易于制作大尺寸的特点；不透明障碍物法得到的贝塞尔光束具有很长的无衍射距离，其直径可通过选择不同焦距的准直透镜来得到调节；可调流体轴棱锥是一种产生贝塞尔光束的新型器件，它可以很容易地通过改变注入器件的液体的折射率来得到不同参量的贝塞尔光束。

In this dissertation, the arch bridge was discretized by the FEM according to its structural characteristics with the spatial beam element simulating the tied beams, end floor beams, middle floor beams, arch ribs and the like and with the spatial link element simulating the suspenders to erect the bridges spatial mechanical computational finite element model.

该拱桥的拱肋主要承受压力，弯矩较小；系杆梁虽然是一拉弯构件，但由于布置有多道预应力筋，截面全跨受压；吊杆张拉力比较均匀，且吊杆张拉力对桥面系的线形控制作用比较明显；桥梁各构件受力和变形均在桥梁设计规范规定范围之内，表明桥梁结构受力合理。

Finally, It is studied of the shear mechanism of FRP reinforced RC beams, two failure models are analyzed concerning FRP shear-strengthened of RC beams, that are FRP snap and FRP peelings, the main reasons that affecting shear loading of FRP reinforced RC beams arc analyzed and their effects are analyzed. Through assaying, shear capacity of FRP reinforced RC beam is obtained by simply interference, formula of calculation is put forward, and it is shown that the results agree well with available test results.

最后研究了FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪性能，分析了受剪破坏的两种模式，即FRP拉断和FRP剥离破坏模式；分析了影响FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力的主要因素及其影响情况；通过分析用简单的叠加方式来计算FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁抗剪承载力，提出了计算表达式，并且与收集的试验数据进行了比较，结果与试验结果吻合良好。

Then through series experiment of coupling beams only add diagonal bars on the basis of traditional reinforcement with Zhanlin, we can conclude this plan for steel bar can satisfied the ductility demand of short-span coupling beams in tube body structure of Chongqing area. Through the computer simulation we can know: Procedures outputs coupling beams'ductility demand mainly in 1.5 to2.0 (maximum value 2.2), comparing the simulation of 8 or 9 degree , we can see the response of the whole structure and yielding degree are much small.

计算机分析程序输出的连梁的转角延性大多在1.5到2.0之间(最大值2.2)，对比以往本学科点对8度和9度等高烈度区的同类型结构的地震作用模拟分析可以看出，6度区大震作用下不管是结构的整体反应还是各杆件的屈服情况都比高9度和8度区小很多。

N architectural stainless steel product group that includes I-beams, H-beams, wide-flange beams and sheet piling.

Structurals 建筑建筑用不锈刚产品种类，包括1梁， h 梁，宽边缘梁、打桩板。

Such parameters as the percentage of ordinary reinforcment, amounts and configuration of unbonded prestressed tendons, the ratio of span to depth and the loading patterns were considered. Based on the results, the fomula for the eqivalent length of deformation zone on the beams at ultimate were developed. A simple formula was developed for the ultimate mid-span deflection of concrete beams with concept of equivalent length of deformation zone, and the deformation of beam before internal reinforcement yielding was predicted by the traditional formula for the deformation of partically prestressed concrete beam. Then an analytical model was deduced for analyzing the ultimate stress increment in those concrete beams prestressed with external or internal unbonded tendons based on the mid-span deflection.(4) Testes were carried out on a thin-walled concrete box beam presressed with external CFRP tendons to study its short-term performances under uniform load, long-term behaviors under uniform load, and full-time performance under four-point load in turn.

3以体内非预应力钢筋配筋率、体外预应力筋配筋率、体外预应力筋布置形式、预应力度、跨高比、荷载形式等为参数，用非线性分析程序对体预应力筋混凝土梁进行了参数分析，依据分析结果提出了以综合配筋指标和预应力度为参数的等效变形区长度的计算公式，进而提出了基于等效变形区长度的极限挠度计算公式；体内非预应力钢筋屈服前的挠度计算采用常用的部分预应力混凝土梁挠度计算公式；依据试验和非线性数值计算结果，将不同转向块布置形式的体外预应力混凝土梁简化为跨中一个转向块的体外预应力混凝土梁，推导了基于跨中挠度的体外预应力筋应力增量的简化计算公式。

Such parameters as the percentage of ordinary reinforcment, amounts and configuration of unbonded prestressed tendons, the ratio of span to depth and the loading patterns were considered. Based on the results, the fomula for the eqivalent length of deformation zone on the beams at ultimate were developed. A simple formula was developed for the ultimate mid-span deflection of concrete beams with concept of equivalent length of deformation zone, and the deformation of beam before internal reinforcement yielding was predicted by the traditional formula for the deformation of partically prestressed concrete beam. Then an analytical model was deduced for analyzing the ultimate stress increment in those concrete beams prestressed with external or internal unbonded tendons based on the mid-span deflection.(4) Testes were carried out on a thin-walled concrete box beam presressed with external CFRP tendons to study its short-term performances under uniform load, long-term behaviors under uniform load, and full-time performance under four-point load in turn.

3以体内非预应力钢筋配筋率、体外预应力筋配筋率、体外预应力筋布置形式、预应力度、跨高比、荷载形式等为参数，用非线性分析程序对体预应力筋混凝土梁进行了参数分析，依据分析结果提出了以综合配筋指标和预应力度为参数的等活动房效变形区长度的计算公式，进而提出了基于等效变形区长度的极限挠度计算公式；体内非预应力钢筋屈服前的挠度计算采用常用的部分预应力混凝土梁挠度计算公式；依据试验和非线性数值计算结果，将不同转向块布置形式的体外预应力混凝土梁简化为跨中一个转向块的体外预应力混凝土梁，推导了基于跨中挠度的体外预应力筋应力增量的简化计算公式。

This paper has presented theoretical formulas to calculate these two parameters. By using the results calculated by the formulas to compare with the test results of two test beams and sixteen beams used in actu...

本文对这两个参数提出了理论计算公式，并与两片试验梁和16片实际工程中吏用的梁的实测值作了对比，其结果证明本文提出的计算公式是可行的，可供设计工作使用。

It is concluded that when a small solid angles range adjacent to the main direction in the far field is considered, the parallel beams combining of compact antenna arrays has its priority if the phases can be controlled, and the parallel beams combining of sparse antenna arrays has its priority if the phases can not be controlled.

分析表明：当关注的是远区主方向邻近的小立体角区域时，若能做到控相激励，宜采用紧凑阵的平行波束合成；若不能控相，宜采用稀疏阵的平行波束合成。

Two coherent laser beams derived from a single source intersect at a fixed angle. The intersection volume of the two beams is positioned on the sample surface.

多普勒激光引伸计工作原理来自同一激光源的两个相同的激光束以固定的角度交叉，两个光束的交叉部分定位在试样表面，两个激光束的波阵面影响交叉部分的大小，并形成一个干涉图。

As of Tuesday, Google's results were still censored in China.

截至周二，谷歌的搜索结果仍受中国审查。

In order to make the positive action increase and negative one decrease, the sub-forces of the social factors must be adjusted to form a centripetal force.

在这一过程中，人的主体性发挥是社会有机体健康发展的灵魂。