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The output of electron acoustic signal in the ferroelectrics is calculated on the basis of their piezoelectric properties. The results show that the magnitude of electron acoustic signal not only related with beam currents, beam power and modulation frequency, but also with sample properties especially electric parameters such as dielectric constant and spontaneous polarization.

本文首次以典型的铁电BaTiO〓材料为试样，从其具有的压电性出发，推导了这类材料的电声信号理论表达式，结果表明电声信号的大小不仅与实验参数如入射电流、入射电子能量以及调制频率等有关。

To measure the refractive indices of different parts of a cell they use a technique called interferometry, which involves splitting a beam of light in two. One half, known as the object beam, passes through the cell; the other is directed along a different path and acts as a reference.

为了测量细胞各部分的折射率，他们采用了一种名为干涉测量法的技术，将一束光分为两束，其中一束通过细胞，被称为物体光束；另一束光则沿不同路径作为参考光束。

Based on the traditional geometric optics principles and the method of ray tracking, this paper reports the calculation of the aberration of the mode index lens when the collimated beam incidents upon it inclinely with an angle, and the divergency of the output beam from the MIL when it works as a collimator for the end-butt coupling between the semiconductor laser and the waveguide.

本文从传统几何光学原理出发，用光线追迹的方法来计算研究准直光束斜入射到模折射率透镜上产生的像差，以及当半导体激光器与波导端射耦合以MIL作为准直透镜时，输出准直光束的发散情况，并探讨MIL在集成光学频谱分析仪中作为准直或会聚透镜的适用性。

The position and size of the monochromator, focusing curvature radii and tilting angles of the germanium focusing monochromator under different different take-off angle, size and divergency of the second collimator and intensity loss due to the use of it were determined. The neutron flux at different wavelength, under different reflection and take-off angle of the monochromator and divergency of the first collimator, were given. The simulation on the aperture used for limiting beam size in front of the sample showed that, smaller the size of the aperture and further the distance from the aperture to the sample, greater the loss of the intensity and more serious the spread of the beam along vertical direction at the sample position which makes the practical sampling volume greater than expected.

用蒙特卡罗模拟方法对中子应力衍射谱仪的设计方案进行了优化研究，提出了一系列可供参考的数据：确定了单色器的位置、尺寸、垂直聚焦单色器在不同起飞角下的聚焦曲率半径和倾角；讨论了第二准直器的尺寸和发散，以及使用第二准直器造成的强度损失；给出了在不同单色器反射面、起飞角、中子波长和第一准直器发散度的情况下样品处的中子注量率，以及多种组合情况下谱仪的分辨率曲线；对限束方孔的尺寸、距离样品远近对强度损失和测量中的影响做了深入研究。

The making process includes: setting insulating solid film on one horizontal rotating carrier with particle detecting unit and etching with single particle beam in the incident angle of 9.6-90 deg to penetrate the film, shifting the film relatively to the single particle beam and etching for the next time, and so on until the film is rotated by one turn to obtain truncated cone shaped, double turned truncated cone shaped or cylindrical single nanometer hole.

本发明将固体绝缘薄膜置于带有粒子检测装置的一个可水平旋转的载体上，用单粒子束刻蚀该薄膜，单粒子束入射角大于等于9.6°、小于等于90°，并且单粒子束在该薄膜底部、顶部、或二者之间与薄膜旋转轴交叉，待单粒子束完全穿透该薄膜后，固体绝缘薄膜底部的粒子监测器反馈使该薄膜被穿透处与单粒子束相对移动1荆再刻蚀，如此反复，直至固体绝缘薄膜旋转一周，获得圆台形、双倒圆台形或圆筒形的单纳米孔。

A high order finite element model of a duralumin flexible beam with distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators was presented in this paper. The beam equation was developed incorporating the stiffness, mass and electromechanical coupling effects of the piezoelectric apparatuses.

本文针对一套表面粘贴有分布式压电传感器和致动器的LY12智能材料柔性臂系统，在对系统组成进行分析的基础上，建立了柔性臂实验系统的有限元模型，并采用自由度凝聚法对该模型进行了降阶处理，以方便控制器设计。

With selecting earlap as the measuring spot,a multi-layer simulation model of the earlap is established.The transmittance of the earlap model and its distribution regularities under vary beam properties(beam radius,the input energy and its distribution) and model parameters are researched by Monte-Carlo method.

选择耳垂作为测量部位，建立了多层耳垂组织仿真模型，利用Monte-Carlo方法研究了不同光源特性(光束半径，入射能量大小及分布等)及模型参数下耳垂组织模型的光透射能量及分布规律，由透射光能量分布、光电二极管光敏面积和探测灵敏度推出特定测量信噪比要求的入射光能量。

Finally, on Earth-space paths, by applying a modification of the Rytov method that incorporates spatial frequency filter function under strong fluctuation conditions, a tractable model is developed for the scintillation index of a Gaussian optical beam wave that is valid under moderate-to-strong irradiance fluctuations. The scintillation indexes for collimation Gaussian beam are predicted by this analytic model, based on ITU-R C〓 model.

最后，应用强起伏下引入空间滤波函数的修正Rytov方法，发展了一种易处理且可用于从弱到强起伏地－空路径的高斯波束光波闪烁指数模型；基于ITU-RC〓模型，预测了准直高斯波束的闪烁指数，其结果和理论分析结果相符。

An important character of the program is its versatile for different data format, where such as it can be used for multi-beam or single-beam data set. This makes it quit useful to any speculated institute or echo-sounding group. Furthermore

此软体的另一重要特性是对於资料格式的接纳性，可同时适用於多音束或单音束等，不同来源的资料，可以直接运用於各种不同的微软视窗作业平台，具有推广之潜力。

ANSYS has friendly operating environment, strong functions and perfected post-processing. ANSYS can be applied to a lot of project fields and it can carry out structure analysis, nonlinear analysis, thermal analysis, electromagnetic field analysis, electric field analysis, fluid flow analysis and coupled field analysis etc.A combination beam is designed and on this beam simulation test using ANSYS and strength test using electrometric method are studied and contrasted. The result of the test shows that the ANSYS is reliable and can be applied to the engineering design and calculation without accident.

ANSYS软件是融结构、流体、电场、磁场、声场设计计算于一体的大型CAE软件，经过30多年的发展，取得了辉煌的成绩，并形成很多独有功能；ANSYS使用环境友好，功能强大，后处理技术完善；ANSYS在各类工程领域均有应用，可进行结构分析、非线性分析、热分析、电磁场分析、电场分析、流体流动分析、耦合场分析等；设计制造了一个组合梁，分别对其进行了ANSYS静力学强度数值模拟和电测法应力试验，对结果进行了对比分析，试验结果表明：ANSYS功能强大，分析数据安全可靠，可放心用于工程设计与计算。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。