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Vesic's solutions to cavity expansion that include cylindrical cavity expansion and spherical cavity expansion are introduced. Then cylindrical cavity expansion theory is applied to study compaction effect of pile driving in saturated soil. Based on the results of conventional triaxial tests, a trilinear curve model is used to simulate stress-strain curve of strain-softening materials. Meanwhile, trilinear curves are also used to simulate curves of volumetric strain, minor principal strain and major principal strain. By using elasto-plastic theory, analytical solutions to cylindrical cavity expansion in strain-softening soil are presented. According to the mechanism of statically pressed pile driving, compaction effect of pile tip can be viewed as hemispheric cavity expansion. Therefore spherical cavity expansion theory is applied to obtain the solutions to stress, strain, displacement fields and final pressure. Resistance force of pile tip is calculated to estimate static pressure.

介绍了Vesic关于圆孔扩张问题的解答，其中包括柱形孔扩张问题和球形孔扩张问题，并应用柱形孔扩张理论分析了饱和软土中的沉桩挤土效应问题；在常规三轴试验成果的基础上，采用三折线模型模拟具有应变软化性质的岩土材料的应力应变关系曲线，分析了在应变软化土体中沉桩时桩周土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，得到了解析解答；分析了静压桩的沉桩机理，并利用球形孔扩张理论，视桩端处的挤土为半个球形孔的扩张，分析了桩端处土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，并根据最终扩张压力计算出沉桩时的桩端阻力，可作为压桩力的估算。

The probability vector can be viewed as a prototype vector for generating solution vectors that have high evaluations with respect to the available knowledge of the search space. Compared with the general genetic algorithm, PBIL discards the complex and problem-correlation operators, which always affect the algorithm's performance highly.

相对于常规遗传算法，PBIL进化算法抛弃了复杂的且对算法性能影响很大的交叉、变异算子，而引入竞争学习的机制，以概率矢量的方式通过采样来产生下一代群体，然后选出群体中最优个体对概率矢量进行更新，直至最后收敛。

Leibniz's calculus ratiocinator, which resembles symbolic logic, can be viewed as a way of making such calculations feasible.

莱布尼茨的"推理演算"，类似于符号逻辑，可以被视为进行此种可行计算的方式。

Undoubtedly the second one is a peculiar method for women to survive. Although both the reclusion of body and the escape of soul are the last resorts, at least women's struggle has begun. Their struggle can be viewed as a paean of growth.

虽然无论是身体的隐遁还是心灵的逃避，从各个方面来说都是一种无奈之举，但至少女性的抗争在这里已经付诸行动，她们的抗争可以称之为一种成长的礼赞。

These traits can be viewed as a deepening of modern society's 'institutional reflexivity'.

这些特点都可以视为对现代社会的"制度自反性"的深化。

For the robust performance test, the sine or square wave is added on the operating point to be viewed as the external disturbance.

在直流工作点加入弦波或方波当作干扰，铁球皆能稳定地磁浮於空中，展现出系统的强健性能。

That a syllogism includes exactly three terms should not be viewed as a rule of a syllogism but a necessary condition for forming a syllogism.

"一个三段论有且只有三个概念"是构成三段论的条件，不是三段论规则。

For this reason, trisyllabic sandhi patterns can also be viewed as "1+(2+3)" patterns.

因此，三字组的这种连调模式也可以看作是"1+(2+3)"的模式。

Self-support should be viewed as a joy, not a burden.

自给自足应该是一种乐趣，而不是负担。

The history of organized education and training can be viewed as a long, arduous struggle to extend opportunities to more people and to devise means of helping those people learn better than through the serendipitous events of everyday life.

有计划的教学和培训的历史被视为一个漫长的，辛劳的过程，它为更多的人提供了机会，并通过设计一些途径来帮助人们学习，比从日常的偶然事件中学的更好。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。