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The results indicated that the high level density functional theory calculations can be used to predict the 13C chemical shifts of the modified nanotubes. The calculated results also provided the characteristic chemical shifts values of nitrene (superscript -), carbene (superscript -) and 1,2- and 1, 4-fluorinated nanotubes, which would be helpful for experimental spectrogram assignments. Combined with NMR experiments, these predicted characteristic chemical shifts can be further used to monitor the addition mechanism and the extent of surface modifications on nanotubes.

研究表明高精度的密度泛函理论计算能够用来预测纳米管的13C化学位移，理论研究的结果揭示了氮烯、卡宾以及1，2和1，4氟化的单壁纳米管的若干13C信号特征化学位移值，为实验NMR谱图的归属提供了一定的依据，并且可通过与实验相结合来监测表面官能化碳纳米管加成反应是否发生以及确认其加成方式。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

The Advantages of MATLAB for Technical Programming MATLAB has many advantage compared to conventional computer languages for technical problem solving.Among them are: 1 ease of use MATLAB is an interpreted language,like naby versions of Basic.Like Basic.Like basic,it is very easy to use.The program can be used as a scratch pad to evaluate expressions typed at the command,or it can be used to execute large prewritten programs.Programs may be casily written and modified with the built-in integrated development environment,and debugged eith the MATLAB debugger .

优点MATLAB的编程技术MATLAB语言有很多优势，比传统的计算机语言技术问题solving.among 他们是： 1易用MATLAB是一种解释语言，像naby版本basic.like basic.like基本的，是很容易取得事半功倍的公关焦可作为刮垫评价用语打字，在指挥，还是它可以用来恩读取大型试过programs.programs可二硫化碳文字修饰内置的集成开发环境，调试和底部的MATLAB德 bugger 。

One, study character is in us in education, discover not hard, the student's study, dependence is very strong, always be used to a teacher all-around specific arrangement, once give them time, a lot of students appear not know what to do, faineant even; is studying a method, be used to machinery repeating, face the study rhythm during study and capacity, times feeling gets tired of the study mood; that dealt with; him student to affect them with the expectation fixed position of parent impropriety many students and parent often the study result with the static state, regard only hope as orientaton, not to be pooh-poohed makes dynamic analysis at whole to learning process, undertake ego is adjusted scientificly....

一、学习品质在我们在教学中，不难发现，学生的学习，依靠性很强，总习惯于教师全方位具体布置，一旦把时间交给他们，很多学生就显得无所适从，甚至无所事事；在学习方法上，习惯于机械重复，面对学习期间的学习节奏和容量，倍感疲于应付；学生本人和家长不适当的期望定位影响了他们的学习情绪；不少学生和家长往往以静态的学习成绩，作为唯一的期望取向，不善于对学习全过程作出动态分析，科学地进行自我调适……。

The engineer that wear large says,"Delete a file to be able to be used thoroughly smash tool, its working principle is ceaselessly the file original message is enclothed, carry out again next delete an operation, even if be used to restore software to undertake resumptive to operate, restores file is not is original message."

戴硕工程师说，&彻底删除文件可以用粉碎工具，它的工作原理是不断地将文件原始信息覆盖，然后再执行删除操作，就算被人利用恢复软件进行恢复操作，所恢复的文件并非是原始的信息了。&

Packaging materials have been easy for the next expected, the number of small, six-station can be used to bag packing machine, such as being packaged Charging Capacity are more in order not to reduce production speed, eight-station can be used to bag packing machine, the so-called 8-station is the addition of a filling, sealing station, so that items can be a little more packaging without affecting the capacity.

被包装的物料容易下料、数量少的话，可采用六工位给袋式包装机，如被包装的料量比较多，为了不降低生产速度，可采用八工位给袋式包装机，所谓八工位就是各增加一个装料、热封工位，这样就可以多包装一点物品而不影响产能。

Our results also suggest that RAPD markers seem to be unsuitable to be used in analysis of the relationships of different biotypes, though they could be used to distinguish the different biotypes.

另外，聚类分析结果提示，RAPD分子标记能有效地区分烟粉虱不同生物型，但可能不适用于生物型之间亲缘关系分析。

The flowers have many practical uses: lavender can be used for crafts, marigolds deter bugs in the field and mosquitoes,orange cosmos can be used to dye cloth,sunflowers can feed the birds, and seeds can be saved to give to others.

这些花儿有许多实际的用途：薰衣草可以用来做手工，金盏草可以驱虫和蚊子，橙色的万寿菊可以用来染布，向日葵可以为鸟儿提供食物，种子可以存起来送给别人。

The corrected values in series to be used for correction of multi- range measuring errors of laser resistor trimming machine are adaptively obtained by measuring and calibrating the measuring errors of high precision standard resistors, and they can be used to correct all the resistance measuring errors of resistors to be adjusted to further reduce the system measuring errors.

通过测量和标定高精度标准电阻的测量误差，自适应地获取校正激光调阻机多档测量误差的系列修正值，进而用系列修正值对所有待修调电阻的阻值测量误差进行校正，达到进一步减小系统测量误差的目的。

The tree diameter at breast height and crown length can be used to predict the size and location of mean knot diameter in a whorl.A linear mixed model expressed as function of tree and knot variables such as HK、RKD、KD and DBH was used to predict sound knot length,and a log-linear mixed model using RKD and DBH as variables was used to describe loose knot length.4.A knot has four development phases:from the birth of a branch to its growth cessation,from growth cessation to death,form death to occlusion and form birth to occlusion.The numbers of annual rings in four periods,as well as the stem width of respective zones were used as dependent variables predicted by models expressed as function of tree variables and knot attributes.5.Using the data of diameter out side bark of 15 relative heights along the step,the best taper equation for Larix olgensis was established.

节子平均直径可以用以胸径，冠幅和节子高度为参数的舒马克生长方程来预测，用树木胸径和冠长可对每轮节子平均直径的最大值及位置进行预测；健全节长度可用以节子着生高度、相对直径、节子直径以及树木胸径为参数的线性混合模型来预测，疏松节长度采用节子相对直径和胸径为自变量的可转化为线性模型的自然对数模型来预测；4、节子有四个生长发育时期：从枝条形成到生长停止BC从生长停止到死亡(CD从死亡到包藏DO从形成到包藏

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。