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Pharmacological effect might well change obviously when themedicinal material size is decreased to micro- or nano-size. For those plant herbs, it isdifficult to be ground to nanosize through conventional grinding method; while highspeed centrifugal sheering technology can be used to grind plant herbs tonanosize within a short time.

对于植物根茎类中药，很难采用普通的粉碎方法将其粉碎至微米或纳米级，而高速离心剪切式(High speed centrifugal sheering，简称HSCS)超细粉碎技术是新近发展起来的一种制备纳米粒子的技术，可以将植物根茎类药材粉碎至纳米级别。

The thesauri will be used to index and search domain information in systems, the main users will be public domain web users, the digital surface and visualization will be the main windows of thesauri.

叙词表主要用于计算机系统后台的标引和检索，用户主要为使用网络检索专业信息的普通用户，数字界面和可视化将是叙词表的主要表现形式。

By getting the FFT angular feature parameters from outline image of tracheid,a lotof common angle of cell walls can be obtained.This method can be used to describing theshape of tracheid and reduced tracheid's feature model,which can't be achieved by traditionalobservation method.

通过管胞轮廓图的FFT角度特征参数提取，还原出大量样本数统计意义上的细胞壁角度，解决了管胞的形状描述问题，还原出管胞的形态模型，这也是传统的观察法无法做到的。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The hardscape will be abstracted with art approach and softscape will be addressed with naturalizing approach. The plane structures with neo-classical style will be used to display the landscape infrastructures, and the coexistence relation between man and environment is shown through the ecological landscape.

整体设计通过硬质景观的艺术化提炼、软质景观的自然化处理等手法设计景观，通过具有新古典主义特点的平面构图和形体来表现环境景观设施，同时以柔和、生态的景观界面构建人与环境和谐共生共存的自然状态。

Then FFT based DCT can be used to compute substrate impedance quickly. Once the DCT has been computed, it can be stored as a DCT matrix, and need not be recomputed for different substrate port configurations.

本论文把子端口之间的阻抗表示成二维离散余弦变换的形式，用基于快速富利叶变换的离散余弦变换快速地计算。

The information from the GPS will be used to create a 3D map of the areas covered to be able to give a complete vision of the zones to help plan the replanting and maintenance of these areas.

GPS上的资料将被用来，设计一个这个地区的3D立体图，让所呈现的完整画面，能帮助这个地区的种植与维护。

While this technology is promising and may eventually be useful as a diagnostic tool for basal-cell carcinoma and other skin cancers, Dr. Petri cautions that this is still basic research."We are not anywhere near being able to use this clinically," he told Medscape Oncology ."But looking into possible future applications, this technology could be used to identify patients at high risk of skin cancers or to evaluate a suspected lesion if the patient wishes to avoid a biopsy."

Petri博士表示，虽然本技术看似有用，且最后可能可以作为基底皮肤癌和其他皮肤癌的诊断工具，但这仍只是基础研究，他向Medscape Oncology表示，我们还未达可以临床运用此技术的境界，不过，著眼於未来的运用，本技术可以用来辨识高风险皮肤癌患者，或者用来评估希望避免切片之病患的可疑病灶。

Wu Lin is one cannot be thought of justice the world, to contend for wealth and position of scholarly honour and official rank, to safeguard Ren Yi of faithful filial piety, what fierce forest go-between crosses be used to is Bai Jingong goes out, the day that blade laps blood, although often precarious, but self-possessed chicly from beginning to end however.

武林是一个不可思义的世界，为了争夺功名利禄，为了维护忠孝仁义，武林中人过惯的都是白进红出、刀口舔血的日子，虽然经常朝不保夕，但却始终潇洒自若。

The former can be used to make the instructions in advance according to the information of the production tasks of electric arc furnaces and this convertor, which is suitable to the producing conditions of being short of on-line testing equipments, the later can correct the operating parameters according to the information of on-line testing equipments in the process of blowing The results of computer imitating and on-the-spot debugging make clear that the ratio of cold material and the rate of negotiable metal recovery will be improved a lot if we operate convertors in accordance with the computer instructions made by the software system.

前者可根据矿热电炉生产任务安排和本炉吹炼任务等信息预排操作指令表，用于目前无在线检测设备的生产条件；后者可在操作过程中根据在线检测信息修正相关操作参数。计算机仿真及现场调试结果表明：按照该软件系统产生的指令进行操作，可使冷料率、有价金属回收率等生产指标得到明显的提高。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。