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Flat plate steady mathematical model and non steady symmetric model are presented, the analytical solution of temperature of powder is derived on the basis of non steady symmetric model in spheroidal coordinates with the methods of mathematical transformation and principle of superposition .

对点火问题进行研究，给出了两种点火的数学模型；平板定常模型和球对称非定常模型。从火药颗粒的球对称非定常模型出发，利用叠加原理和数学变换导出了火药颗粒表面温度的分析解。该研究对深入研究点火理论和起始弹道学有一定的作

When parameters satisfy some assumptions, Rossler system is a chaotic dynamical system. In order to discuss the dynamical character of Rossler system and use delayed feedback control chaos, in the first, we discuss the stability of the steady states of Rossler system with delayed feedback. When the engenvalues of the linear part are pure imaginary numbers, we obtain the corresponding delay value. The stability of the steady state is lost when the delay passes through the critical value, and simultaneity chaos may vanish, as well as there will be a family periodic solutions bifurcate from the steady states.

在几个参数满足一定的假设条件下，Rossler系统是一个具有混沌特性的动力系统，为了研究该系统的动力学性质并利用时滞实现混沌控制，本文首先对具有时滞的Rossler系统的平衡点进行稳定性分析，当系统的线性部分对应的特征值为纯虚根时，算出相应的时滞τ，得到了平衡点的稳定性会在时滞τ取某些值时发生翻转，同时系统的混沌特性也会出现变化，并且在平衡点处系统经历Hopf分支。

Considering the technical requirements,the stability andthe steady performance,the quantitative requirement for sampling frequency is present indiscrete control system.Considering that there is a step delay in discrete control in grid on inverter with a Lfilter,the quantitative relationship between critical FCCR and sampling frequency isanalyzed,and the steady performance is analyzed.Considering the technical requirements,the stability and the steady performance,the quantitative requirement for samplingfrequency is present in discrete control system with a step delay.

在L型并电加热管网中，考虑到离散化控制存在滞后一拍的问题时，本文分析并获得了离散PI控制系统稳定范围时闭环根临界频率fnmax和采样频率fs之间的定量关系；针对存在滞后一拍可能引起系统稳态特性下降的问题，分析了PI控制滞后一拍对频域特性造成的影响，综合考虑并网指标、稳定性要求和离散化对稳态特性影响三个主要因素，推导了存在滞后一拍的离散化PI控制对最低采样频率的量化要求。

Thermal delivery out of the drills is a very complicated process, according to the difference of working condition, thermal delivery has steady state and non-steady state, considering that the subterrene is a bit, and is removing constantly, non-steady state should be taken as the main pattern.

热能在热熔器外的传递是一个非常复杂的过程，依据工况的不同有非稳态传热，也有稳态传热，但考虑到热熔器实际上是一个钻头，它要不断移动，所以非稳态传热应视为实际上的主要传热。

A C++ program is developed for composing the stiffness matrix of the temperature field, saving it in changing bandwidth method and calculating the linear algebraic function group through using the Gauss eliminating method. A module for drawing the color fringe of tire temperature field is created, which makes the result more visual. Taking the 9.00-20 cross-ply tire on CA1092 as an example, the finite element numerical simulation analysis of automobile tire 2-D steady temperature field is completed. Through comparing the result with the analysis data by ANSYS, this software is proved to be capable of the modeling, calculating and post-processing of FEA of automobile tire 2-D steady temperature field.

采用C++语言完成了温度刚度矩阵的总体合成及其一维变带宽存贮，以及线性代数方程组高斯消去法求解等工作，采用C++语言实现了汽车轮胎二维稳态温度场云纹图的绘制，使得计算结果更加直观，也更能形象地显示汽车轮胎二维稳态温度场的分布状况，以CA1092（原CA142）五吨载货汽车用9.00-20尼龙斜交胎为例，进行了汽车轮胎二维稳态温度场有限元数值仿真分析，通过与ANSYS分析结果进行比较，说明所开发的有限元建模、求解以及后处理软件能够用于汽车轮胎二维稳态温度场有限元分析。

Examinations of steady status and analysis of dynamic experiments have been conducted on Band-Tube evaporator and Parallel-Flow condenser using R134a refrigerant. The steady examination show that the model error was under the allowable error, The inlet mass and enthalpy disturb experiments indicate that the subsection model ,be good at reflecting the change of parameters of the heat exchanger, accord with the basic principle of thermodynamics theory and the actual work status.

在进行仿真试验时，以使用R134a作制冷剂的管带式蒸发器和平行流式冷凝器为对象，完成了稳态仿真计算、试验和动态仿真分析，稳态计算结果和试验数据对比表明，其误差在允许范围内；进口质量和焓值的扰动试验结果表明：本文所建的区段式换热器仿真模型，能很好的反映换热器性能参数的动态变化，与系统热动力学理论和冷凝器、蒸发器的实际工作过程基本一致。

To validate the accuracy of the simulation results of numerical steady flow test bench, experiments in a steady flow test bench with the Ricardo anemoscope were taken. The compared results between computations and experiments suggest that the former is reliable.

为验证数值稳流气道试验台模拟计算的准确，在采用Ricardo风速仪的气道稳流试验台上进行了试验，两种方法下的流通系数和涡流比比较说明：模拟结果是可靠的。

On the basis of the expression of characteristic value of the differential equation,the relationship between the stable domain,steady state,steady-state error and AGC model parameters is discussed.

根据该差分方程的特征值。达式讨论了AGC模型设定序列的稳定区域和稳态误差与AGC模型参数之间的关系。

Consequently, we can deduce factors affecting company's growth rate through WACC formula during terminal growth period. Then the company's terminal value growth rate in steady growing period can be obtained by analyzing these factors. Our result shows Chinese company's terminal value growth rate in steady growing period is 3%-5%.

为此，可从永续增长阶段的WACC的传统公式推导出影响公司增长率的因素，通过这些影响因素的分析，确定最终公司在稳定增长阶段的永续增长率，结果显示，中国公司在稳定增长阶段的永续增长率的取值范围为3％—5％。

A numerical calculation program is written up for the various solution methods in this paper and the program is being used in various aspects of inverse problem of environmental hydraulics, including inverse problem in reverse process of one-dimensional unstable diffusion, inverse problem in reverse process of convection-diffusion, inverse problem for the dispersion coefficient in water quality model, The inverse problem of coefficient identification for nonlinear Boussinesq equation, parameter identification inverse problem for water quality model, the inversion of parameter of BOD-DO water model, the inverse problem of the source of convection-diffusion, identification of the steady-state permeability for two dimensional isotropic medium, two-dimensional steady inverse problem of convection-diffusion and parameter identification inverse problem for two-dimensional parabolic equation, etc.

对本文提出的各种算法，编制了数值计算程序，并把它应用于环境水力学反问题诸多领域，包括污染物一维非恒定扩散逆过程反问题，对流扩散方程逆过程反问题，河流水质纵向弥散系数反问题，非线性Boussinesq方程反问题，河流水质多参数识别反问题，BOD-DO水质模型参数反演问题，对流—扩散方程源项反问题及二维恒定各向同性介质渗透系数反问题，二维定常对流——扩散方程及二维抛物型方程参数控制反问题等。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。