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In this way, with the help of a few sample datas, the certain Flood and Waterlog Disaster Assessment can be completed more quickly and precisely in Poyang, and the margin of the error is 12 percentage points.

运用此方法，通过少量的样本资料，对鄱阳县洪涝灾害经济损失个例进行评估，评估结果误差为12%。

Channel capacity in information theory is used to analysis how many characters can be embedded in a certain size image on the base of zero error probability.

信息论中信道容量定理用于分析在零错误概率下一定尺度的图像中可以嵌入的字符数量。

This work tries to apply the learning process of the cognition structure defined in Cognitive Psychology to enhance or modify the development of AI, of which the learning models are almost based on trial and error style. However, this kind of learning style is definably given to the experience behavior of stimulus and response in Psychology. Thus, the relative AI models based on such style are design as an experience-adaptation system. For better ones, e.g. evolution-base algorithms, they belonged to the system with more powerful computing power to the dynamical environment. Even so, it was considered not only outside environment but also internal parameter tuning. As for the entire learning process, it has never been enhanced. That is, various original AI models are easily to be developed to their own close-form problem.

本研究企图以认知心理学之认知结构来修正自1956年以来人工智慧之发展，由於人工智慧长期局限於试误学习之低效率学习模式，然而试误学习於传统心理学定义中仅限於刺激与反应之经验行为而已，由此学习模式所建构之任何机器学习，均只能认定为经验之适应模式而已，而较进阶的种类，如演化式计算模型，也只是其能透过电脑强大的运算能力来达成所谓的动态环境下之演化式学习模式，其中演化之特色只是多考虑了外在环境的变化或内在参数的调整，而整个学习流程却没有进ㄧ步修正。

As a differential detection is used between the intercarrier, the proposed algorithm overcome the high sensitivity to timing error of conventional algorithm and is robust to multi-path. The effect of sample frequency offset can't be ignored in a continuous OFDM system of a large number of subcarriers. The estimation precision of the conventional algorithm is low and the realization is complex. A joint estimation of sample frequency offset and fine frequency offset based on difference operation is proposed. As averaging use a large number of samples in a maximum likelihood algorithm, the estimation precision is very high. The use of difference operation cancel the effect of carrier frequency offset, and the proposed sampling frequency estimation algorithm is robust to carrier frequency offset.

最后，本文对连续系统中的采样频率和载波频率精同步技术进行较为深入的研究，由于子载波数目大的连续OFDM传输系统中，采样频率偏差不可忽视，以往的采样频率估计方法精度低、实现复杂，因此本文提出了一种基于差分处理的采样频率偏差和精载波频率偏差联合估计算法，利用了最大似然算法进行采样频率偏差的估计，由于采用了差分处理方法，消除了载波频率偏差对采样频率偏差估计的影响，采用的最大似然算法对大量样点进行平均化处理，所以，相对以往算法，提出的联合算法估计精度高，而且采样频率偏差估计对载波频率偏差具有鲁棒性。

Differential modulation is also a widely used method to the case of no knowledge of the channels in the receiver. Here we propose noncoherent sequence detection for differential space-frequency modulation, which can be used to alleviate the error floor that occurs in a multipath channel with long time delay expansion.

在接收端不知道信道状态信息的情况下，差分调制也是一种被广泛采用的技术，论文提出了应用于差分空频调制的非相干序列检测方法，该方法通过积累多个符号上的信道信息来完成发送符号的检测，可以消除由于长的信道延迟扩展带来的误码平层。

The available methods of optial system in emulating system are compared with each other in this paper and the photo electrical measurement method is accepted to be the best one.Then,the practical scheme of photoelectrical measurement method and its mathematical models are given,and the measurement error of this method is also analyzed qualitatively.

本文对仿真系统中的光学系统的可能实现方法进行了比较，选择出其中较优秀的方法—光电测量法，给出了光电测量方法的实际实现方案和测量的数学模型，对此方法的测量误差进行了定性分析。

The relative error of water level is less than 1%. In contrast with common method, the Monte Carlo method is more flexible. The nodes of river networks can be numbered unrestrictedly. The node number is not limited in computation.

实际计算中，蒙特卡罗方法较目前常用方法灵活，对节点数量和编号无要求，可方便地加支或减支，计算程序也很简单。

When microgrid is operated in islanded mode, VSGs can be divided into non-frequency regulation units and frequency regulation units, the former can generate power and participates in primary frequency control according to dispatching to mitigate system frequency deviation due to disturbances; the latter can offer referential voltage of microgrid and use secondary frequency regulation to implement no-error frequency control.

微电网孤岛运行时，将虚拟同步发电机分为非调频发电单元和调频发电单元，前者既能按照功率调度指令发电，又能参与一次调频，缓解扰动情况下系统频率的波动，后者提供微电网参考电压，并利用二次调频实现频率的无差控制。

The error endency in the course of urbanization construction in modern China and the problems that should be solved are listed:'They misapprehended the Modernity','City wlthout citizen','Take warning the new—rich mentation' and 'Creating city for the human Iiving'.

文中列举了当前中国城市化建设进程中的错误倾向向和应当解决的问题：他们误解了现代性，没有公民性的城市，必须警惕暴发户心态，要为人的生活造城市。

The chief error in rearing the young is overfeeding; and a most serious one it is; but which may be easily avoided by the parent pursuing a systematic plan with regard to the hours of feeding, and then only yielding to the indications of appetite, and administering the food slowly, in small quantities at a time.

首席错误教养的年轻人是overfeeding ；和最严重的一次是，但是这可能是很容易避免的父母推行有系统的计划就小时的吃饭，然后只高产的迹象表明，食欲，管理粮食缓慢，少量的时间。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。