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Parameter identification and load identification on basis of frequency-domain are all researched very well, while the error of truncation, which is brought by data conversion, can"t be avoided. So, how to avoid these errors and identify the structure"s modal-parameter and exterior-load accurately will be the key technique of this field in the future, and some research work shall be done in time-domain.

针对模态参数辨识、动态载荷识别的频域方法较为成熟，但频域法中数据变换带来的截断误差却无法避免的现状，着重对模态参数辨识，尤其是动态载荷识别的时域方法作了一定的探讨。

In mechanics kinematics, Jacobin matrix may be calculated and simplified by vector constructing; Inverse solution and its restricting condition be given; Forward solution be solved by new-raphson method. The method need shorter time than optimization and has a lot of advantages in applying program; some relationship of velocity, acceleration, force and error of mapping from input to output have been given. Analyzing of theory base these researches.

在机构运动学研究方面，通过矢量构造的方式计算出了速度雅克比矩阵，简化了计算量；给出了机构位置逆解的计算过程及约束条件；利用Newton—Raphson法计算出了机构位置的正解，该算法比优化法计算时间短，而且利于实际编程；给出了机构输入、输出端速度、力、误差的映射关系，这些研究是机构理论分析的基础。

Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of the solution for neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay under the uniformly Lipschitz condition, linear grown condition and contractive condition can be directly derived; And the moment estimate of the solution and the estimate for error between the approximate solution and the accurate solution can be both given; If the uniformly Lipschitz condition is replaced by the local Lipschitz condition, the existence and uniqueness theorem can be gained; Meanwhile, the existence and uniqueness of the global solution in the interval 0,+∞ can also be obtained; Secondly, L~p-exponential estimate of the solution for neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay can be studied; At length, the theorem of the local solution about neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay only under the local Lipschitz condition and the contractive condition can be established.

首先，在一致Lipschitz条件，线性增长条件和压缩性条件下，直接得到了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的存在惟一性，并给出了解的矩估计，近似解与精确解之间的误差估计；将一致Lipschitz条件替换为局部Lipschitz条件，也得到了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的存在惟—性，同时，也给出了在整个区间0，+∞上具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的存在惟一性定理；其次，也讨论了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的L~p指数估计；最后，在局部Lipschitz条件和压缩性条件下，建立了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程局部解的存在惟一性定理。

Assert should be used only to verify things that truly should not be possible. It can be useful as an aid in getting a program debugged but should not be used to substitute for run-time logic checks or error checking that the program should be doing.

assert 仅用于检查确实不可能的条件，这只对程序的调试有帮助，但不能用来代替运行时的逻辑检查，也不能代替对程序可能产生的错误的检测。

But if nothing reasonable is proved against the sentence of excommunication by the one making the complaint, then the complainant shall be condemned in punishment, for the unreasonable trouble caused by his complaint, to make compensation or in some other way according to the discretion of the superior judge, unless by chance his error was based on something that is credible and so excuses him; and he shall moreover be compelled upon a pledge to make satisfaction in the matter for which he was justly excommunicated, or else he shall be subject again to the former sentence which is to be inviolably observed until full satisfaction has been made.

但是，如果没有合理的，证明对判决绝罚一个使投诉，然后申诉应予以谴责的处罚，对不合理所造成的麻烦他的投诉后，作出赔偿或以其他方式根据自由裁量权的优越的法官，除非他的错误的机会是基於这是可信的，因此他的藉口，他应此外被强迫各国承诺作出满意的事，他是公正逐出教会，否则他须再次前一句是要inviolably观察，直到完全满意了很大的进展。

The results showed that:(1) some governing points, which were measured by submeter precision GPS, were utilized to correct the 1 m precision remote sensing image and it could satisfy the desired precision of geometrical correction, therefore, this method could be used as geometrical correction in the region where was short of the big scale relief map;(2) the density of the original data was the main factor to affect precision of the volume, and the precision of the calculated volume of earthwork could be improved to more than 90% when using the test points and feature points; the sparser the data density were, more significant could be improved; On the base that elevation of test points were measured by the submeter precision GPS, the error of the volume, which was produced by vectoring relief map to obtain DEM, could be calculated, and the calculation precision of the earthwork could be improved markedly.

结果表明：利用平面精度达亚米级的GPS测量控制点坐标对1米分辨率的遥感卫星影像进行几何校正，能够满足其几何校正的精度要求，可以解决缺乏大比例尺地形图地区的高分辨率遥感卫星影像的几何校正问题；通过对模型数据的分析，数据密度是影响体积精度的主要因素，利用检测点高程和特征点可以提高土方量计算的精度，使土方量计算的精度达到90％以上，数据密度越稀疏，精度提高越显著；采用高程精度达厘米级的RTK(Real Time Kinematic实时动态差分)测量检测点的高程，对用地形图扫描矢量化形成的DEM模型进行检测求出误差体积，可以大大提高土方量的计算精度。

In order to resolve the practical problem about measuring hobs with bigger modulus, a new method is put forward by which the circular adjacent pitch error and accumulated pitch error of hobs can be measured on the grinder.

针对大模数滚刀测量存在的实际问题，提出一种在磨床上测量滚刀容屑槽相邻周节误差和周节累积误差的新方法，并给出了测量实例。

Because the error mainly comes from theresonant region, the error correction method can only be used in resonant region, andcan effectively improve the efficiency of the statistical analyzing solutions. Two types of the mistuned bladed disks, whose friction damping are blade dryfriction damping and blade-to-blade dry friction damping, are modeled respectively. Amulti-harmonic method which can employ the fast Fourier transformationtechnique is proposed to investigate the vibratory response of the bladed disks withthese two types of nonlinear friction damping. Formulations of the solution for thesetwo types of motion functions are deduced. The characteristics of the forced responseof the bladed disks with these two dry friction damping are analyzed and summarizedunder various system parameters. The vibratory response of the bladed disk with dryfriction scatter mistuning is investigated.

针对叶盘系统中两类主要的非线性干摩擦阻尼形式，分别建立了具有叶片干摩擦阻尼和叶间干摩擦阻尼的失谐叶盘系统的非线性力学模型；提出了一种可利用快速傅立叶变换技术的多谐波分析方法；分别推导了具有这两类干摩擦阻尼形式的叶盘系统运动方程的求解公式；在各种系统参数条件下，研究了干摩擦阻尼失谐叶盘系统的受迫振动响应特性；对具有干摩擦散乱失谐的叶盘系统振动响应进行了研究，分析总结了干摩擦散乱失谐对叶盘系统振动响应特性的特殊影响规律。

This error can be as much as 10 C, depending on melt viscosity and flow rate. Normally, this is usually ignored as most extruders are more interested in comparative readings than absolute ones, but for the chemical reactions like cross-linking or foaming, a more exact value may be needed, and the amount of shear heating may need to be known. It is a relative simple thing to do - when the machine is to be shut down, stop the screw without reducing speed or barrel conditions and watch the drop in melt temperature over the first 10-20 seconds, or until it begins to level out again.

通常在大部分关注相对读数的挤出机上，这些偏差可以忽略；但如一些挤出反应如交联、发泡对反应温度要求精确，剪切产生的热量需要知道，有一个相对比较简单的办法：但关闭机器的时候，并不降低主机转速或者筒体温度，在第10-20秒时，或者直到熔体温度达到平衡时，观察熔体温度下降了多少。

While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation,investment in innovation---a risky and expensive budget item---might meet resistance from mangagement and stockholders who might more concerned with costcutting , efficient organization,and large advertising budgets,it would be an egregious error to assume that the monopolistic producer should be equate with bountiful expenditures for research.

可以假设一个不是被单一团体控制的处于高度竞争的企业，在革新方面的投资---一种冒险而又昂贵的预算项目----也可能遇到来自管理层和股东的阻力，这些管理层和股东他们也许更关注的是成本降低、有效率的组织和大的广告预算。设想一个垄断的生产商应当为了调查研究而支出大量的金钱那将是一个异乎寻常的错误。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。