查询词典 be given to

See § 31. hence it has sometimes been said that consideration must consist of a "benefit to the promisor" or a "detriment to the promisee"; it has frequently been claimed that there was no consideration because the economic value given in exchange was much less than that of the promise or the promised performance;"mutuality of obligation" has been said to be essential to a contract.

参见第31条。因此，约因有时会被认为必须由"允诺人的利益"或者"受允诺人的损害"构成；经常会有这样的主张：因为所交换的经济价值要远远少于允诺或者被允诺的履行中的经济价值，所以约因并不存在："义务的均等"被认为对一个契约而言具有必要性。

Hence it has sometimes been said that consideration must consist of a "benefit to the promisor" or a "detriment to the promisee"; it has frequently been claimed that there was no consideration because the economic value given in exchange was much less than that of the promise or the promised performance;"mutuality of obligation" has been said to be essential to a contract.

参见第31条。因此，约因有时会被认为必须由"允诺人的利益"或者"受允诺人的损害"构成；经常会有这样的主张：因为所交换的经济价值要远远少于允诺或者被允诺的履行中的经济价值，所以约因并不存在："义务的均等"被认为对一个契约而言具有必要性。

Here, the author thinks, be not to Yahoo with the collaboration of Microsoft with respect to imply loss or the market is short of break, on one hand Yahoo has been not former times comparing today, want to searching domain reseizure what great progress difficulty comparatives is big, have a strong opponent afore especially Gu Ge, hind the case that pursues arms Microsoft falls, return the awkward situation that will face client prediction of a person's luck in a given year, cooperate with Microsoft or will form " double win " situation, song of collective antagonism cereal; On the other hand, the glides to also give Yahoo high level administrator of company outstanding achievement brings not little pressure, among them this year first quarter, the net gain of Yahoo is 118 million dollar only, than last year the 537 million dollar of the corresponding period glides 78%, how to seek the new point of growth of company profit, also Yahoo CEO Ba Ci is needed to face, and if the collaboration with Microsoft can involve capital level, so Yahoo sells advertisement and search through exchanging relevant business will obtain more battalion to close with respect to may not it is a tickler.

在这里，笔者认为，与微软的合作对于雅虎来说并非就意味损失或者市场缺失，一方面雅虎已经今非昔比，想要在搜索领域再取得长足发展难度相当之大，特别是在前有强敌谷歌、后有追兵微软的情况下，还将面临着客户流失的窘境，与微软合作或将形成"双赢"局面，共同对抗谷歌；另一方面，公司业绩的下滑也给雅虎的高层管理人员带来不小压力，其中今年一季度，雅虎的净利润仅为1.18亿美元，比去年同期的5.37亿美元下滑78%，如何寻找公司利润的新增长点，也是雅虎CEO巴茨所需面对的，而与微软的合作如果可以涉及到资本层面，那么雅虎通过换取销售广告以及搜索相关业务来获得更多的营收就未必是件难事。

Choose the person that feed content constitution deficiency of yin with irritability to answer to be given priority to in order to eat food of method of treating yin deficiency by reinforcing body fluid and nourishing the blood according to the constitution, wait like soup of lean lean, soft-shelled turtle, testacean food, lotus seed and tremella.

根据体质选择食物体质阴虚者应以进食滋阴食物为主，如瘦肉、甲鱼汤、贝壳类食物、莲子和银耳等。

This project was established based on the first cooperative development of optical in situ real time detecting technique probing the atomic scale layer-by-layer epitaxy growth of oxide film. Over the last three years, we have given full play to the advantages and characteristics of both sides and have finished the assumptions and plans of this subject satisfactorily. 1. In Institute of Physics, we set up advanced oblique-incidence reflectivity difference equipment and wrote one data acquisition procedure that made the simultaneous detection of optical signal and RHEED signal into reality. 2. The first observation of sustained oscillations over hundreds of monolayers in both real and imaginary signals during the epitaxy growth of SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 on SrTiO3 substrate in LMBE testifies that oblique-incidence is an excellent method to detect and monitor film epitaxy growth real time. 3. For the first time, we verify that oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer growth mode during continuous growth through the correspondence between optical signals to atomic or molecular step edge density on the growth surface. 4. Phenomenological analysis shows that optical signals comprise three parts, the first is proportional to the average thickness of the film and depends on the bulk phase dielectric response; the second is proportional to the coverage of terraces and depends on the dielectric response of atoms or unit cells in the terrace; the third is proportional to the coverage of step edges and depends on the effective dielectric response of atoms or unit cells at step edges. This makes oblique-incident reflectivity difference technique a quantitative macroscopic method to monitor film growth.

中文摘要：本课题是在合作首次发展了氧化物薄膜原子尺度层状外延生长光学原位实时探测方法的基础上立项的，三年来，我们充分发挥双方的优势和特点，圆满完成了课题的设想和计划。1、在物理所建立了一套先进的光反射差法装置，编写了计算机系统的数据采集程序，实现了两路光学信号和RHEED数据的同步采集和显示。2、用激光分子束外延在SrTiO3基底上生长SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3薄膜，首次观测到连续外延几百个原胞层，周期振荡的光反射差实部和虚部信号，证明了光反射差法是一种能原位实时探测与监控薄膜层状外延生长的好方法。3、首次验证了通过对生长表面原子或分子台阶密度的响应，光反射差法可用于原位实时监测在连续生长条件下薄膜的层式生长模式。4、通过唯象理论的研究，证明光反射差信号由三项组成，第一项只与薄膜的平均厚度和宏观光学电介质常数有关；第二项与分子台阶面覆盖度和台阶面上分子层的光学电介质常数有关；第三项与台阶边缘的覆盖度成正比，并和在台阶边缘的分子的有效光学介电常数有关。

Tunku stated clearly that the Act was passed to deal with the communist threat."My cabinet colleagues and I gave a solemn promise to Parliament and the nation that the immense powers given to the government under the ISA would never be used to stifle legitimate opposition and silence lawful dissent", was what the Tunku said.

这一反思不幸地让我有此结论：政府一次又一次地令这个国家的人民失望，一再背弃东姑阿都拉曼所作的庄严承诺，这是因为政府及这道法律错误地允许内政部长凭他认为适当的任何理由扣留任何人。

D The Purchaser shall not be entitled to exercise the right to rescission under sub-clause above if the Purchaser has given direction to the Vendor to refrain from exercising any right of rescission under the Principal Agreement, such direction remains unrevoked and the Vendor has not acted contrary to such direction

d如买方已指示卖方不要行使其根据主协议享有的任何撤销协议的权利；该指示仍未撤销；及卖方没有作出违反该指示的行为，则买方不得有权行使其根据上文款享有的撤销协议的权利。

The main research results in this dissertation can be given as following:Firstly, the bidding strategies and affections of generation companies on the TOU power price are analyzed; Supply function model is employed to simulate the bidding strategies of generation companies in power pool. Some meaningful results are obtained through the proposed equilibrium equations model, when different bidding parameters are selected to maximize profit of suppliers, such as the the numeral of generation company, the block bidding, and power demand elasticity. Based on these results, the affections between the bidding strategies and the TOU power price are discussed.Secondly, the important principles consider the factor of bidding strategies of generation companies and consumers gaming strategies are proposed to constitute the new TOU power price model under present electricity market. Based on these pricinples a new mathematical model of TOU power price is constructed, to evade electricity market risk, partition the peak-valley, ascertain the consumers' response curve, and protect the ambilateral profits.Thirdly, the affections of the TOU power price strategies for reducing the network loss, adjusting node voltage, improving load curve of power system, and protecting the consumers' benefits in electricity market are analyzed with applications of a city real time load data of Jiangsu province.

针对&厂网分开，竞价上网&的电力市场运营模式，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：1研究了发电商不同的竞价上网策略，利用供给函数均衡方法，建立了发电商的竞价上网策略模型，给出了市场均衡解的具体解法；讨论了不同条件下发电商的竞价策略对市场的影响，并获得了发电商的最优上网竞价策略，明确了竞价上网与峰谷分时电价之间的影响因素；利用电力系统负荷曲线，建立了发电商最优竞价策略与峰谷分时电价之间的相互联系，通过仿真算例分析了峰谷分时电价与发电商最优报价之间的相互影响。2提出了&厂网分开，竞价上网&电力市场模式下，考虑发电侧竞价和用户侧博弈等风险因素影响，峰谷分时电价理论建模在规避电网企业运营风险，保护供电方与用户双方的利益、确定用户响应曲线、划分峰谷时段、设置合理的电价拉开比等方面所应遵循的基本原则，在此基础上建立了适合电力市场模式的峰谷分时电价模型。3从原理上分析了需求侧实行峰谷分时电价策略，对削峰填谷，提高负荷率，改善负荷曲线形状，降低电力系统的电能损耗和电压损耗等方面的影响，并进行了仿真验证。

This work tries to apply the learning process of the cognition structure defined in Cognitive Psychology to enhance or modify the development of AI, of which the learning models are almost based on trial and error style. However, this kind of learning style is definably given to the experience behavior of stimulus and response in Psychology. Thus, the relative AI models based on such style are design as an experience-adaptation system. For better ones, e.g. evolution-base algorithms, they belonged to the system with more powerful computing power to the dynamical environment. Even so, it was considered not only outside environment but also internal parameter tuning. As for the entire learning process, it has never been enhanced. That is, various original AI models are easily to be developed to their own close-form problem.

本研究企图以认知心理学之认知结构来修正自1956年以来人工智慧之发展，由於人工智慧长期局限於试误学习之低效率学习模式，然而试误学习於传统心理学定义中仅限於刺激与反应之经验行为而已，由此学习模式所建构之任何机器学习，均只能认定为经验之适应模式而已，而较进阶的种类，如演化式计算模型，也只是其能透过电脑强大的运算能力来达成所谓的动态环境下之演化式学习模式，其中演化之特色只是多考虑了外在环境的变化或内在参数的调整，而整个学习流程却没有进ㄧ步修正。

To avoid the cheapening of ecclesiastical censures, and sentences of interdict being regarded as of little importance, members of the said third orders are in no way to be admitted to hear divine services in the churches of their orders during a period of interdict, if they have given grounds for the interdict or encouraged or supported those grounds, or if they have in any way offered help, counsel or favour to the guilty .

为了避免降价的教会谴责，并判处阻截被视为没有多大的重要性，成员的命令说，第三是绝不能被承认听到神服务的教会他们的订单期间阻截，如果他们给予理由禁止或鼓励或支持这些理由，或如果他们以任何方式提供帮助，律师或赞成，有罪。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。