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In the space filled with dielectric, Coulomb's law should be: F = kQ1Q2r2.V in the electric field generated dielectric polarization bound charge and bound charge generated within the medium electric field, and external electric field in the opposite direction, so to diminish the external electric field.

在充满电介质的空间里，库仑定律应为：F＝kQ1Q2r2.V在电场作用下电介质极化产生束缚电荷，束缚电荷在介质内部产生电场，与外电场方向相反，所以使外电场减弱。

Two kinds of water-soluble biomimetic chitosan derivatives with a phosphoramide linkage between glucosamine and choline were prepared through Atherton-Todd reaction under the mild conditions, including zwitterionic phosphorylcholine bound chitosan and acetyl-phosphorylcholine bound chitosan with positive charge. The interaction between chitosan derivatives and calf thymus DNA were inversigated by UV alsorption spectra and circular dichroism spectra.

采用Antherton-Todd反应制备了两种水溶性的磷酰化壳聚糖仿生衍生物：两性的N-磷酸胆碱磷酰化壳聚糖和带正电荷的N-乙基磷酸胆碱磷酰化壳聚糖，并用紫外吸收光谱和圆二色光谱研究了两种胆碱磷酰化壳聚糖衍生物与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用。

In this paper, we expand the eigenvalue of Poisson equation using nonconforrn-ing Q1rot element. The principal term of error we get is not negative. In general, the approximate eigenvalue is the upper bound, but the approximate eigenvalue may be the lower bound when the principal term is zero.

本论文对Poisson方程的特征值采用方形旋转双线性非协调元Q_1~(rot元进行展开，得出的误差主项大于或等于零，因此在一般情况下近似特征值是上界，但当主项等于零时近似特征值可能是下界。

Each variable bound in a for clause may have an associated positional variable that is bound at the same time.

for子句中绑定的每一个变量会被同时绑定一个相关的位置变量。

We first provide a lower bound of its optimal value which can be used to solve the problem optimally by branch and bound method.

本文考虑此类问题中的如下一个新问题：一个企业的专用网即Intranet网，在因特网上有两种功能。

Corresponding to such a NP-hard problem, this paper gives some polynomial time solvable cases, and a branch and bound algorithm with a rapid method for estimating the lower bound for general case.

对这一NP-困难的排序问题，文中给出了几个多项式可解的特殊情形，一般情况下的一个快速下界估计方法以及相应的分支定界算法。

The imprecise polynomial circuit optimization is based on arithmetic transformation method, considering the fixed point and floating point representation condition first, then give a realization of circuits under different accuracy boundary, trade off error with power dissipation and area, applying branch and bound method to find the solution with minimal cost, determine the minimal word length which satisfies the error bound, make use of the automation synthesis approach to get ultimate optimize structure at the same time.

非精确多项式电路优化基于算术变换方法，首先考虑电路的定点和浮点表示情况，给出电路在不同精度界限下的实现，进行误差和功耗、面积的权衡，然后应用分枝定界方法求解出最小代价电路，决定满足误差要求的最小字长，同时利用自动综合优化方法得到最终的优化结构。

If all the flows getting into the system were constrained by the leaky-bucket parameters, the maximum cell delay and the buffer content bound were got when the capacity of the crosspoint was enough, and the maximum cell delay and the buffer capacity bound which can guarantee the maximum cell delay were also got when the content of the crosspoint was not enough.

在各数据流都由令牌桶参数约束的条件下，得到了交叉点缓存容量足够大情况下的最大信元时延和缓存临界容量大小，还得到了交叉点缓存容量不足够大情况下的最大信元时延以及保证信元具有时延上界的缓存临界容量大小。

While Chebyshev's Inequality gives an upper bound on P, there is no guarantee that the upper bound is a good approximation.

因为切尔雪夫不等式给出的是每个象素灰度的上限，而又没法保证其上限是一个很好的估计。

I. d. Bernoulli random variables. First, we can get the upper bound with order from Chebyshev inequality. Second, a better upper bound was gotten with the new inequalities, which can fasten the convergence rate.

并对服从两点分布的独立随机变量X1，X2，…，X进行研究，首先利用Chebyshev不等式得到随机变量偏离方差ES的上界，但它只有阶的收敛速度，然后利用新的不等式得到一个新的上界，它有更快的收敛速度，这在探讨收敛速度时有着重要的理论意义。

Hanna: That's over now, isn't it?

都结束了，对吗

You must be ill. You look so pale.

你一定是病了，你的脸色苍白。