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Multiple trials is the basic concept of many parallel simulated annealing. It is to perform multiple trials at the same time to search acceptable solutions. The division simulated annealing with no communication and The clustering simulated annealing are two common types of parallel simulated annealing methods. The division simulated annealing with no communication makes each processor generate its own adjacent solution from its own current solution and compute the acceptance probability for a adjacent solution. Each of the processors searches solutions without communicating each other. Clustering simulated annealing makes each processor generate its own adjacent solution from a common current solution and compute the acceptance probability for each adjacent solution. Then, it decides which adjacent solution should be used to replace current solution according to a pre-specified rule.

许多平行模拟退火法之理论依据为多向试验，利用同一时间探索更多方向的试验来拓展搜寻的广度或深度，不进行沟通的分工模拟退火法(the division simulated annealing with no communication)以及丛集模拟退火法(the clustering simulated annealing)皆为平行化的模拟退火法，前者定义为各个处理器针对各自的起始解进行搜寻，产生各自的搜寻序列，在搜寻过程中处理器不进行任何沟通，各处理器仅针对自身之目前解进行搜寻；而后者定义为让所有处理器针对同一目前解进行运算搜寻各自的可能解，并各自决定其产出解之接受机率，最后根据事先决定之规则进行沟通比较，挑选其中一个可接受解取代目前解。

The expenses attributable to the current period but not yet paid in current period shall be recognized as accrued expenses of the current period.

第五十条本期支付应由本期和以后各期负担的费用，应当按一定标准分配计入本期和以后各期。

The results indicate that back electromotive force increases with increasing current density and decreases by 0.5 V after adding 2% Li2CO3, the feeding period is 15 min measured by the method of electric potential control. Finally, the Al-Li alloy with the lithium content of 7.93% can be obtained by electrolyzing for 3 h at the current density of 0.62 A/cm^2 and at 680 ℃, and the current efficiency can reach 74.1%.

结果表明，反电动势随电流密度增加而增大，加入2%的Li2CO3可使反电动势降低0.5V；通过控制电位法测得加料周期为15 min：在680℃、电流密度为0.62A/平方公分的条件下持续电解3h，最终制得了理含量高达7.93%的铝锉合金，电流效率可达74.1%。

As the current and voltage have the same basic frequency, the unit voltage Park vector and its conjugate are used to rotate the current Park vector. During the course of rotation, the fundamental positive sequence component in the current Park vector can be filtered out but the others remain.

利用电压与电流基波频率相等，用单位电压Park矢量及其共轭对电流Park矢量进行旋转变换，从而将电流Park矢量的基波正序分量完全滤除而不影响其他的谐波分量。

During the simulation, surface current from primary electrode is computed. Taking rectangular triangle as the mesh unit, the integral formula of surface current can be simplified to a product of a difference expression and the surface area. So the computation complexity of FEM will be decreased and the time-cost will be cut down greatly.

在模拟过程中，需要计算主电极表面电流，通过选用直角三角形作为离散单元，将表面电流的二重积分表达式简化为一个差商表达式与主电极表面积的乘积，极大地降低了有限元分析的复杂度，减少了计算时间。

Of course, much more research needs to be done within this topic, for example, by analyzing the influence of specific parametric factors, such as those affecting the optimal weighting function for lightness differences.14 In any case, we believe that the current structure of the CIE94 formula will be useful, at least in the near future, without disregarding that the current use of the CIELAB space as the starting point could be surpassed by advances in the knowledge concerning color appearance and the physiology of our visual system.

当然， 更多的研究需要做的这个主题，为例如，通过分析具体的影响参数因素，如那些影响到最优加权函数为明度differences.14在任何情况下，我们认为，目前结构的CIE94公式将是有益的，在至少在不久的将来，同时不忽视，目前的利用色差空间为出发点可以超过的进步，知识的颜色外观和生理的影响我们的视觉系统。

As to concrete treating method, the thesis adds the components in third dimension to the original 2D MHD code, and inward flows are embedded along the side of the current sheet, through changes of certain flow's scale, its distance to the current sheet, the viscosity coefficient and the resistivity in the plasma, the magnetic field figure, the velocity vector figure and the density distribution figure with different situations would be showed and observed, the reconnection growth rate figure is to be presented also, and the physical explanation involved will be made consequently.

在具体的处理方法上，文章在原有二维MHD流体理论基础上加入第三方向的分量，并且在电流片两侧加入入流扰动，通过改变其大小，距离电流片的位置，等离子体中的粘滞系数和等离子体电阻率，从而观察不同扰动情况下磁场重联的磁场位形、流场位形或者密度分布，绘制出磁场重联增长率在不同入流扰动下的图像，并分析其中的物理过程。

The propose of the research is to insist on the view of applying to solve the various confusion in applying at present when present The Doctrine of Equivalents in China by analyzing dispute in applying of DOE; apply the research method of history analysis and compare synthetically, integrate with the case analysis and draw the conclusion: It is necessary to induct The Doctrine of Equivalents to prevent the tortious people filching the benefit of the inventor and confirm whether the infringed people imitated and copied patent on purpose, it is international tidal current to apply DOE in the processing of patent infringement cognizance, and firstly it must ensure the protecting confine by explaining the claim with compromise explain method, the difference of different extent in patent creation also effect the demarcation of equivalent extension; it should apply the rule of comparing factor one by one rather than comparing the whole equivalent in comparison of equivalents, and needs to be confirmed by increasing the assistant means in the processing of patent infringement cognizance by using Triple Identity Test of Graver; contrast and analyze whether they are equivalent depend on the level of the common technicians in relative domain and it is scientific and reasonable to confirm equivalent time standard by infringement date; in judicial practice of equivalent cognizance, it may use the experiences in Japan for reference to solve the cognizance misunderstanding area of reality in the law and the technology; The superabundance designation that may be understood as a display unfair contract because of neglect and materially misunderstanding should be conditionally applied in current time.

研究目的在于通过分析等同原则在适用上的争议，提出我国适用等同原则时应坚持适用的观点，解决目前在适用中的各种混乱局面；运用历史分析和综合比较的研究方法，结合案例分析；专利侵权认定中引入等同原则是必要的，其实质是防止侵权人窃取发明人的利益，被侵权人是否故意模仿或抄袭专利，不影响等同侵权的判定，运用等同原则判定专利侵权已成为世界性的潮流；适用等同原则首先要对权利要求进行解释以确定保护范围，在解释权利要求时应采取折衷的解释方法，不同专利创造性程度的差异也影响着等同范围的划定；在等同物的比较上，应当适用&逐个要素比较&，而不能适用&整体比较&，在适用&三一致&标准进行侵权认定时，还需要增加辅助手段予以确定；是否构成等同，应当以所属领域普通技术人员的水平来对比分析，以侵权日为等同的时间标准是科学合理的；在等同认定的司法实践中，解决法律事实和技术事实认定上的误区，可以借鉴日本的经验；多余指定可以理解为一个因疏忽大意或重大误解而订立的显失公平的合同，应当在现阶段有条件限制地予以适用。

A series of erosion-corrosion test has been done to J55 steel under the influence of current of gas-liquid phase by indoor self-made devices, and the corrosion mechanism of current of gas-liquid phase to oil pipe's inner surface has been got. The results show that oil pipe's inner surface will be corroded fleetly by liquid medium and corrosion products will form on it. But at the same time, the corrosion products or protective layer will be removed from the inner surface of steel pipes under the alternate impact of high speed gas and liquid flow, and on this bare steel surface corrosion film will form again and be removed again. Thus, by these ways the corrosion is exacerbated. Surface erosion-corrosion failure comes into being with the circulation of this process going on.

本文主要在气液两相流作用条件下，通过室内自制装置，对管材钢J55做了系列冲刷-腐蚀试验，结果表明，气液两相流对钢管内表面冲刷－腐蚀的机理是钢管内表面会受到液体介质的快速腐蚀，生成腐蚀产物，同时钢管金属表面不断被具有高流速的气液相交替地冲击，不断地从金属表面脱去保护膜或腐蚀产物，裸露的钢表面又会被介质快速腐蚀形成腐蚀膜后，再被两相流冲掉，如此反复，造成管内金属表面膜的连续破坏，使腐蚀加剧，最终导致钢铁表面的冲刷腐蚀失效。

Constant temperature bath was employed to get the curve of forward current and temperature, which will be the basis of forward current feedback and temperature conversions. Self-developed driving circuits were used to control LED to make the relative illumination decays to be less than 5% and the coordinate excursion of Color rendering indix on the CIE chromaticity diagram is lower than 0.1. The development of circuit control of LED projection light with low aberrance of illumination and Color rendering indix, changing with the temperature can be successfully realized.

研究执行首先针对各类LED单体，进行晶粒温度对前馈电流变化之量测，利用恒温槽控制得出完整曲线，并以此作为LED晶粒前馈电流回授与温度换算之依据，利用自行开发脉波驱动线路，进行高瓦特LED单体控制，达成相对照度变化小於 5%，演色性在CIE chromaticity diagram上座标偏移低於0.1，成功实现一随温度变化，照度与演色性变异均低之LED投射灯控制线路开发。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。