查询词典 be affected by

In traditional design for a wire-tube type condenser, the air's temperature around it is considered to be the ambient temperature. In fact, the air's temperature is affected by the distance between the refrigerator's back and the wall and is heated by the compressor and condenser, so its temperature is not equal to the ambient temperature. In this case, the traditional design method is not accurate.

传统的设计冷凝器的方法，是把丝管式冷凝器周围空气的温度当作环境温度，而实际上，由于受压缩机散热、冷凝器加热、冰箱后壁和墙壁之间的间距的影响，冷凝器周围空气的温度并不等于环境温度，因而传统的设计方法并不精确，为了保证设计的精确性，有必要对冷凝器周围空气的温度进行研究。

It is found that the particle size may be controlled by modulating the quantities of nitric acid and ammonium hydroxide, the quantities of the residues carbonate ions are affected by the quantities of the citric acid and ethylene glycol.

通过调节硝酸和氨水的用量可以控制粉体的粒度，柠檬酸和乙二醇的用量影响产物中碳酸盐的含量。

It's thought that Luxun's understanding to Buddhism should be divided into two stages. On the one hand, he had seen Buddhism as the enthusiasm of a kind of philosophy of life, and was deeply affected by its values and thinking; On the other hand, he had also seen that as the important part of China's traditional culture, utilized by the persons who "eat Buddhism", Buddhism became a tool which anaesthetize and cheat ordinary common people.

本文认为，鲁迅对佛教的认识和理解应当分为两个方面：一方面他看到了佛教作为一种人生观的积极性，并深受其价值观和思维方式的影响；另一方面，他也看到了作为中国传统文化的重要组成部分的佛教，在现代的日益世俗化后，被一批"吃教"的人所利用，成为对普通百姓进行麻醉和欺骗的工具。

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

The genetic predisposition of a woman is affected by the baldness genes that may be carried by her parents.

该遗传易感性的一名女子是受了秃发的基因，可能会进行，由她的父母。

Hamilton and Jefferson were both deeply affected by the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason, but Hamilton believed reason would always be under attack by demagogues who know hate and fear are stronger motivators than reason and rationality.

汉密尔顿和杰斐逊都深受启蒙运动重视理性的影响，但是汉密尔顿认为理性总是会被煽动家攻击，那些人知道憎恨与恐惧是比理性与理智更有力的动机。

Due to the decline in oil prices as well as the bulk of the decline in commodity prices, because the Sino-British trade by a lot of factors, such as China's labor cost, China's investment environment and the protection of intellectual property, affected by many factors, the Sino-British trade will be some changes.

由于石油价格的下降以及商品价格的下降，大量的，因为中英贸易的，如中国的劳动力成本，中国的投资环境和保护知识产权的影响等因素，很多行业因素，中英贸易会有一些变化。

The IIA property might not be satisfied in human decision-making of realistic complexity because the scalar preference ranking is effectively derived from the weighting—not usually explicit—of a vector of attributes (one book dealing with the Arrow theorem invites the reader to consider the related problem of creating a scalar measure for the track and field decathlon event—eg how does one make scoring 600 points in the discus event "commensurable" with scoring 600 points in the 1500 m race) and this scalar ranking can depend sensitively on the weighting of different attributes, with the tacit weighting itself affected by the context and contrast created by apparently "irrelevant" choices.

该协会的财产可能不能满足人类的决策现实的复杂性，因为标偏好排名实际上是来自加权，通常没有明确的载体的属性（一本书处理的箭定理请读者考虑有关问题创造一个标措施，田径十项全能比赛，例如如何使一个得分600分，铁饼事件"公"与得分600分， 1500米比赛）和本量排名可以依靠敏锐的加权不同的属性，与默契加权本身受影响的范围和所创造的对比显然是"无关"的选择。

In section one, by using FICE scheme and TIME-GCM, a model of trace gases and OH airglow affected by gravity wave is set up, then the propagation of nonlinear gravity wave and the effect on trace gases and OH airglow are analyzed. The result shows gravity wave excited by tropospause forcing can propagate stably to the mesosphere through the stratosphere so that energy and momentum can be transferred from one region to another. In this process, gravity wave undergoes growth, overturning, convection and breaking. And the no-isothermal structure can accelerate the breaking of gravity wave in mesospause, and the breaking of gravity wave is an important source of convection and small-scale waves.

在第一部分的工作中，利用全隐欧拉格式和全球热层-电离层-中间层-电动力学环流耦合模式，对重力波的非线性传播及其在传播过程中对中高层大气中氧族和氢族成分和与之密切相关的OH气辉辐射的影响进行了数值模拟，结果表明，从对流层向上传播的重力波经历了产生、发展、饱和、对流产生直至破碎的非线性演化，大气的非等温结构加速了重力波在中层顶区的破碎，重力波的非线性传播是小尺度对流和湍流产生的一个重要的源。

In section one, by using FICE scheme and TIME-GCM, a model of trace gases and OH airglow affected by gravity wave is set up, then the propagation of nonlinear gravity wave and the effect on trace gases and OH airglow are analyzed. The result shows gravity wave excited by tropospause forcing can propagate stably to the mesosphere through the stratosphere so that energy and momentum can be transferred from one region to another. In this process, gravity wave undergoes growth, overturning, convection and breaking. And the no-isothermal structure can accelerate the breaking of gravity wave in mesospause, and the breaking of gravity wave is an important source of convection and small-scale waves. The propagation of gravity wave will affect the distribution of minor species.

在第一部分的工作中，利用全隐欧拉格式和全球热层-电离层-中间层-电动力学环流耦合模式，对重力波的非线性传播及其在传播过程中对中高层大气中氧族和氢族成分和与之密切相关的OH气辉辐射的影响进行了数值模拟，结果表明，从对流层向上传播的重力波经历了产生、发展、饱和、对流产生直至破碎的非线性演化，大气的非等温结构加速了重力波在中层顶区的破碎，重力波的非线性传播是小尺度对流和湍流产生的一个重要的源。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！