查询词典 be a strain

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

It is shown that beams of reinforced average strain distributing accord with flat section assume; The method of strengthening intension of concrete structure with reinforced materials is a feasible way. The strength of beam can be increased with the number of reinforcement materials be added; The strength of beam is affected by percentage of flexural reinforcement and the compound proportion and fashion of reinforcement materials and the number of reinforcement materials; The capability of bend and stretch and price of inner hybrid fiber is better than sole fiber and exterior hybrid fiber.

通过分析可知：加固后的梁，其平均应变的分布符合平截面假定；使用加固材料来提高混凝土受弯构件承载力的补强加固方法是有效的；构件受弯承载力随加固材料用量的增加而提高；纵筋配筋率、加固材料混杂比例及混杂方式、加固材料用量均对受弯承载力有一定的影响；层内混杂纤维的抗弯性能、延伸性能以及经济性均优于单一纤维和层间混杂纤维。

The analysis of the results show as follow:(1)The consolidated-undrained creep, which doesn't include the volume strain, can be expressed by logarithmic functions as a type of under a different deviator stress.(2)The shear creep behaves in a linear elastic character in a lower stress level, and it is a nonlinear behavior in a higher stress level.

分析表明：(1)固结不排水蠕变中没有体积变化，不同偏应力下剪切蠕变可用对数形式表达；(2)固结不排水剪切蠕变在低应力水平下表现为线性粘弹性，而高应力水平时则具非线性的特性。

The stress-strain curves of Cu-Zn-Al alloys at different temperatures have been plotted on the tensile machine with the aid of electrometry. The main results were as follows: 1. When specimens were deformed within the range of M_s and M_d, the critical stress for inducing martensitic transformation increased with the temperature, and there existed a linear relationship between them. 2. When specimens were deformed above Af, complete pseudoelasticity might be obtained theoretically, which might be damaged, h...

在拉力试验机上用电测法测绘了Cu-Zn-Al合金在马氏体相变点上下各温度的σ-ε曲线，所得主要结果如下：(1)试样在M_s与M_d之间加载，随着温度升高，诱发马氏体相变所需临界应力增大，且加载温度与临界应力之间存在着线性关系；(2)在A_f点以上加载，理论上可获得完全的伪弹性，但加载温度过高或应变量过大，均会损害伪弹性；(3)试样在M_s点上下温度区域变形，得到的伪弹性回复和形状记忆回复之和在80%以上，但在M_s点附近总回复量出现一极小值，且伪弹性回复在M_f点以下又有所回升。

The flow stress increases with increasing the strain rate, and decreases with increasing the deforming temperature, which can be described by a constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function with the hot deformation activation energy of 209.84 kJ/mol, and can also be described by a Zener-Hollomon parameter.

该合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述，也可用Zener-Hollomon参数来描述，其变形激活能为209.84 kJ/mol。

This means that the residual strain in rolled alloy promoted the aging process. The influence of aging temperature on the room-temperature mechanical properties of 1〓, 2〓 and 6〓 alloys was tested and the results show that the 1〓 alloy without minor element additive is very sensitive to the aging temperature. Over-aging occurred easily when the aging temperature is somewhat higher, so it is difficult to control the aging treatment in production. The 6〓 alloy with combined Mg, Cr, Co additives showed less tendency of over-aging, the alloy can be aged in a wider temperature range and the mechanical property is stable. So the treatment process can be easily controlled.

对不同微量添加元素的1〓、2〓和6〓三种合金经热轧态时效后的室温力学性能表明，不添加微量元素的1〓合金对时效温度较敏感，温度偏高时容易产生过时效，且过时效的温度明显低于加Mg的2〓合金和同时加Mg、Cr、Co的6〓合金，这对生产过程中的工艺控制增加了难度，6〓合金的过时效倾向最小，合金可以在较宽的温度范围内进行时效，力学性能较稳定，使生产工艺较易控制。

Moreover, since the strain energy of zigzag tubes is larger than that of the armchair tubes with the same semidiameter, the ends of the armchair tubes are easier to be closed than those of the zigzag ones. And the closed structures of the zigzag tubes have a lot of defects, even at 3000 K, there will be few carbon atoms flying away from them.

此外，由于锯齿型碳管应力能比同口径扶手型碳管的应力能大，使得扶手型碳管比锯齿型碳管更容易形成端口封闭的结构，且锯齿型碳管端口的封闭结构出现相对较多的缺陷，甚至在3000K下会有少最碳原子从端口飞离碳管。

Therefore,K. pneumoniae CICC 10011 is a potential strain for 2,3-BD production.Thirdly,a novel aqueous two-phase system for the recovery of 2,3-BD from fermentation broth was developed employing isopropanol/(NH_4)_2SO_4 system.The results showed that most of target products(2,3-BD and acetoin) can be partitioned efficiently into the top phase,while most of glucose can be partitioned into the bottom phase.

通过对批式流加发酵过程中两株克雷伯氏菌代谢流量的分析表明，K.pneumoniaeCICC 10011代谢产生的各种有机酸和乙醇浓度均明显低于K.pneumoniae DSM 2026，而目标产物浓度以及产物转化率却相对较高，是发酵2，3-丁二醇的优良菌株。

At one's side like big one mountain pressure is burning in less than one people ", be that you explain the pressure " high technology skill , personalization electronic control , can be an effective improving a negative effect of pressure big and powerful on person , give to parents, strain promoting blood circulation and relieving a finger's, give to a friend , lead contacting gigantic actuating pressure, let the changeable comfortable, health living give his , health you and I he!

就像一座大山压着身边的没一个人，&为你解压&高科技术，人性化电子控制，可以有效的改善强大压力给人带来的负面影响，送父母，促进血液循环和缓解手指的疲劳，送朋友、领导接触巨大的工作压力，让生活变的轻松，自在，吧健康送给他，健康你我他！

In a breeding system of commercial Imitative Local Broiler, using the Jiang-13 strains of white Plymouth Rock and Guangdong Local breed crossed with each other to produce a hybrid with rapid growth, high flavour of meat and buff feather similar to the local breed of Guangdong, the Jiang-13 strain must be of recessive white feather and, also,under the coucealment of recessive white feather, its most ideal genotype will be ees~+s~.

为了利用江-13白洛克品种鸡的优良肉用性状，用以和优质地方黄羽鸡种构成优质高产的肉鸡繁育体系——广源鸡繁育体系，使商品肉鸡具有与广东地方鸡羽色相似的浅黄羽色，参加杂交的江-13白洛克鸡必须是隐性白羽，而且基因型为iiccOObbeess最为理想。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。