查询词典 battery

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

It is featuring an extremely sturdy and heavy body, a reticle which can be illuminated by a battery powered device and a detector for active infra-red sources, which is charged by the UV contribution of the daylight.

被认为是耶拿生产的最好的望远镜之一。

Among them very multinomial and direct or indirect design reachs relevant industry to sensor, detailed situation is as follows: The computer reachs peripheral equipment: Hold pattern recognition of GPS receiver, graph and processing system; Microelectronics and photoelectron yuan parts of an apparatus: Cadmium of parts of an apparatus of coupling of CCD photoelectricity carry on one's shoulder, tellurium is mercuric , infra-red detector; CMOS image sensor; Communication equipment reachs a product: Smooth communication is metric with the instrument that monitor; Civil spacecraft reachs ground facilities: Spacecraft is lukewarm control a product; Automation machinery reachs device: Industrial robot and intelligent robot; Electromechanical key foundation: Intelligent air cylinder, intelligence changes model carapace breaker (voltage 380V, 660V, voltaic 1000A), prevent adopt device of dead apply the brake , the electron controls vehicle of the automatic gear-box, dynamoelectric steering gear that help strength, car to carry diagnostic system, gasoline engine electronic-controlled engine of device, derv is electronic-controlled car of device, alternative fuel changes device, car; Instrument appearance reachs a system: GPS car fixed position, monitoring calls the police attemper system, colliery installs all inspection to measure general management system, hydroelectric station to monitor control system, automatic cruise automatically to control a system (the car is auxiliary drive system), the electron collects fees administrative system (ceaseless car electron pays cost the system), two-phase; New-style medical apparatus and instruments: Medical sensor; Inorganic metalloid material: Component of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report, lukewarm characteristic thermal resistor ; New-style the sources of energy reachs equipment: The solar battery reachs package; The environment monitors an instrument: Monitor appearance, CO automatically to monitor appearance, automatic acid rain automatically sampler and determine appearance, soot, dust is automatic sampler and determine appearance, flue gas is automatic sampler and determine steam of end of appearance, car determines automatically appearance, portable poisonous and harmful gas determines quality of air of type of appearance, flow; The exploration of the sources of energy and mineral products resource develops device: MWD is followed get oil of logging instrument, numerical control monitor below well of deep well logging instrument, colliery reach calamity to forecast; The project measures and equipment of earthly physics observation: Project acceleration measures system, much general to strap weather radar (use be concerned with or double polarization technology), intelligence atmosphere sensor (contain lukewarm, press, irradiation level of wet, wind, precipitation, dew point, sun), personal computer control is automatic and perpendicular artesian well system , marine atmosphere; 1 2 of on one page issues one page

主动化机械及行动措施：工业机械人和智能机械人；机电要害根本件：智能气缸、智能化塑壳断路器（电压380V、660V，电流1000A）、防抱死制动安装、电子节制主动变速箱、电动助力转向安装、汽车车载诊断系统、汽油策念头电控安装、柴油策念头电控安装、代用燃料汽车转换安装、汽车前进前辈电子传感器、高效汽车尾气净化安装、柴油策念头高压供油系统（≥1600Bar）、车辆动静节制系统、被动悬架系统、汽车防碰撞安装、汽车电子防盗安装、车内情况智能节制系统、汽车能源多能源治理系统、空气悬架系统、电子制动系统；仪器仪表及系统：GPS汽车定位、监控报警调剂系统、煤矿安好检测综合治理系统、水电站主动监测节制系统、主动巡航节制系统、电子收费治理系统、两相流量固体流量计、现场总线智能仪表；新型医疗器械：医用传感器；无机非金属材料：压电陶瓷元件、正温特征热敏电阻；新型能源及装备：太阳能电池及组件；情况监测仪器：主动监测仪、CO主动监测仪、主动酸雨采样器及测定仪、烟尘、粉尘主动采样器及测定仪、烟气主动采样器及测定仪、汽车尾汽主动测定仪、便携式有毒有害气体测定仪、流动式空气品质监测车、间歇式空气中有机传染物主动分析仪、COD主动在线监测仪BOD主动在线监测仪、浊度和电导主动在线监测仪、DO主动在线监测仪、TOC主动在线监测仪、TOD主动在线监测仪、氨氮主动在线监测仪、油份测定仪、多性能水质现场监测仪、车载型X萤光测试仪、噪声频谱分析仪、振动仪、辐射剂量监测仪、射线分析测试仪、CH主动监测仪；能源和矿产资本的勘察开辟行动措施：MWD随钻测井仪、数控石油深井测井仪、煤矿井下监测及灾难预告；工程测量和地球物理观测行动措施：工程加速度测量系统、多普勒天气雷达、智能型气象形象传感器(含温、压、湿、风、降水、露点、太阳辐照度)、微机节制主动垂直钻井系统、船用气象形象仪、磁通门罗盘和电位计罗盘、测波仪、智能型大陆水质监测用化学传感器(陆续工作3-6个月)、海流测量仪器（操纵声学、机械、电磁办法）、走航式声学多普勒海流剖面仪、声学应答开释器、声学水位计、近海深浪潮汐测量系统；农业工程行动措实行动措施：农业工程行动措施情况计较机主动节制行动措施、温室浇灌营养液主动设置装备摆设与施肥行动措施、巷道式智能化孵化器。

Indium fin oxidethin films have the characteristic of high conductivity,transparent to visible light and reflecting infra-red ray .ITO film is used as the liquid crystal display, PDP, EL/OLED ,Touch Panel, Solar battery etc.

它是平面液晶显示器、等离子显示器、电致发光显示器、触摸屏、太阳能电池以及其它电子仪表的透明电极最常用的材料。

Specification indicated based on initial full battery charge tested in laboratories with Bluetooth switched off.

所得数据乃在实验室使用完全充电电池及在关掉蓝芽功能的情况下获得。

The VPFC input sets the initial full charge reference of the battery pack.

该VPFC输入设置初始全权负责的电池组的参考。

And the innocuously transformation of vesicant agent including the transfer of mustard gas and Luis gas into important material for solar battery and the use of toxic mechanism of vesicant agent for studying medicine of curing cancer were discussed.

同时探讨了无害化转化的方法，包括利用芥子气和路易氏气转化成为太阳能电池的重要物质和利用糜烂性毒剂的中毒机理来研究治癌的化疗药物。

This paper analyzes the equivalent circuit model of the valve regulated lead-acid battery and the fundament and method of instantaneous high load current in testing internal resistance of the VRLA. The veracity of the model is demonstrated in the following series of experiments in detail.

分析和推导了阀控铅酸蓄电池的等效电路模型以及瞬间大电流放电法在蓄电池内阻检测中的实验原理和方法，随后的一系列实验验证了该模型的准确性。

And at last, wei come up with the methods about how to improve their properties of intercalation of lithium and the prospects of the development of the lithium- ion battery.

第一章 绪论本章主要回顾了锂离子电池发展的历史及研究现状，指出负极材料的研究是改善电池性能的关键。

Generally, it is necessary to add energy-saving steps such as battery for the random and intermittence feature of the wind and solar energy to meet the requirement of stable and continuous power consumption in daily life and production.

太阳能和风能在资源条件和技术应用上都有很好的互补特性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。