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Based on the idea and method of problem frame,consistency of viewpoints,integrated manner and integrated process of viewpoints are analyzed and discussed,and a method of integration of viewpoints based on problem frame is proposed.

基于问题框架的思想和方法，该文讨论了视点的一致性、集成方式、集成过程等，提出了一种基于问题框架的视点集成方法。

Based on the variable separation method, the governing equations for the film thickness problem have been solved. A reasonable consistent condition of the momentum equations has been found and solved. Based on the methods ofmathematical physics, series expansion solution of the velocity filed in the film has been derived. A boundary condition at the boundary of the spray area was given and the velocity slip phenomenon has been considered.

基于电子器件喷雾冷却技术的研究现状和研究热点，本文对喷雾在热源表面形成的冲击液膜流动及厚度模型、基于CHF(Critical Heat Flux，临界热流密度)准则的倾斜喷射喷嘴轨迹、喷嘴距热源换热最优时的高度、倾斜喷射实验以及针对动态喷射的电磁驱动器件的吸合问题等方面进行了研究：针对圆锥形轴对称喷雾冷却系统，在对喷雾区域进行划分的基础上，引入滑流边界条件，在提出圆锥状喷雾假设的基础上，建立了喷雾区域雾滴密度连续介质等效模型。

For the bottom-up attention process, areas of interest that deserve visual attention are formed by a sequentially extracting of feature map, conspicuity map, and interesting map. Firstly, based on Treisman's feature integration theory and the characteristics of orientation and frequency selective nerve cells in biological cortex, we propose a new 2D optimal quadrature filter in the meaning of minimum energy loss to extract intensity, edge, orientation, symmetry, curvature and comer features to form the feature maps. Then based on the local competent and global cooperative perception character of biological vision, we design a kind of competent/cooperative filter and use a set of such filters to extract conspicuous locations that will most likely to cause visual attention from feature maps to form conspicuity maps.

我们根据Treisman〓的特征整合理论，结合生物视觉皮层的方向、频率敏感性神经元，提出采用一组调制在不同尺度和方向上的新的最佳正交特征滤波器并行地提取图象的亮度、边缘、方向、对称性、曲率和角度等特征作为注意线索，构成特征图；在此基础上，基于生物视觉的局部竞争和全局协作特性，本文设计了一种竞争协作滤波器用于从特征图中提取可能引起视觉注意的显著位置构成显著图，各显著图进一步通过本文提出的融合算法和非线性松弛迭代算法生成自底向上兴趣图。

Our approach consists of the following steps: providing a sketch based mapping between the sources and the target; deforming the target based on the deformations of the corresponding sources by means of differential mean value coordinates; smoothing the deformed target with constrained minimization method to form a key frame of the target animation; and interpolating between key frames created from to produce a complete 3D animation of the target.

该框架由以下几个步骤组成：使用草图在源网格和目标网格间建立映射；使用非闭合网格均值坐标，根据源动画的运动风格来变形目标网格；对变形后的目标网格求解最小化约束函数以获取光滑的目标网格，从而生成目标动画的关键帧；对由产生的结果进行插值，产生完整的目标对象的三维动画。

Firstly, the approach formulates a cost functional to turn the inverse problem into a constrained minimization problem according to least squares criterion, then the resulting constrained minimization problem is transformed into an unconstrained minimization problem by using a penalty function technique, and then the closed Fr chet derivatives of the Lagrange function with respect to the properties are derived based on the calculus of variations, finally, one can solve the resulting problem by using any gradient-based algorithm and the finite-difference time-domain method.

该方法首先以最小二乘准则构造目标函数，将逆问题表示为约束最小化问题；接着应用罚函数法转化为无约束最小化问题；然后基于变分计算导出闭式的拉格朗日函数关于特征参数的Fr chet导数；最后借助梯度算法和时域有限差分法迭代反演德拜模型参数。

On the contrary, Fuzzy System is based on an easily expressed way -'if-then', which is easily accepted by people. Its constringency is great, because Fuzzy System is based on the knowledge of experts.

相反，模糊系统是建立在被人容易接受的'如果一则'表达方式上，而且它是建立在专家知识的基础之上，因此收敛快，但如何自动生成和调整隶属度函数和模糊规则，是一个棘手的问题。

"task-driven" is a teaching based on constructivist pedagogy based on the theory.

"任务驱动"是一种建立在建构主义教学理论基础上的教学法。

Combined with CAD software development of grids,the design method of bolt-sphere joint is put forward based on geometry restriction and intensity restriction. The geomitry dimension of each component is determined firstly based on bolt diameter and contexture, then, maximal pull and stress of diversitied bolt are given after intensity restriction of all components is taken into acount.

在网架结构中，节点起着连接汇交杆件、传递屋面荷载和吊车荷载的作用，而网架结构属空间杆系，汇交于一个节点上的杆件至少有 6根，多的可达 1 3根，各杆件间的夹角大小不同，且节点各构件间的几何关系或强度关系相互制约，使得节点设计十分繁杂。

We develop a framework, which serves as a basis for a new spatial constraint – Density Based Design Constraint – that encourages infill development based on contiguity and compactness principles.

我们开发了一个框架，作为一个新的空间约束的基础-基于密度的设计约束服务-鼓励发展的连续性和填充紧原则为基础。

We can say that all communicative messages are based on the concept of selection and combination. The selection is produced on the basis of equivalence, similarity and dissimilarity. The combination, the build up of the sequence, is based on contiguity.

我们可以说所有沟通讯息都是建立在选择轴和组合轴的观念之上，而选择轴的运作是建立在「相似」和「对立」之上；而组合轴则是建立在对等的连接关系上。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。