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The aims of disaster study and risk study are tent to unanimousness, both will offer the theoretical basis for sustainable development models. Regional safety construction based on disaster study is converting into regional risk management system based on risk study. So the authors consider that sustainable development model is the regional development model under a certain risk level, and the risk level relies on the regional safety construction level that integrates the regional economic level and social cultural system. Strengthening subject construction of disaster and risk study in China, national laboratory construction, and organization and practice of key items are imperative. And we should put the study emphasis on the vulnerability assessment system and models, risk assessment system and models, disaster and risk management mode of typical region, disaster and risk emergency control scenario, disaster and risk regions.

灾害与风险研究的目标正在趋向一致，都集中在为可持续发展模式提供科学依据；基于灾害研究的区域安全建设正在向基于风险研究的区域风险管理体系转变，由此认为可持续发展模式就是接受一定风险水平条件下的区域发展模式，一定风险水平依赖于由区域经济水平与社会文化体系相关联的区域安全建设水平；加强我国灾害与风险科学研究的学科建设、国家实验室建设、重大项目的组织与实施已势在必行；重点开展灾害脆弱性评价体系与评价模型、风险评价体系与风险评价模型、典型区域灾害与风险管理范式、灾害与风险应急控制预案、灾害与风险区划等方面的研究。

This paper designs and develops information filtering system based on SVM. On the basis of information filtering model based on SVM, According to layered, modular method, this paper designs and develops information filtering system; The system uses three-layer filtering strategy, including packet intercepted model、SVM training model、filtering model、feedback learning model and so on; The system uses SPI technology to intercept packet, vector space module to express text, SVM method to learn training set to construct user profile and feedback incremental learning algorithm to optimize the user profile.

在研究基于SVM的网络信息过滤模型的基础上，按照分层、模块化设计的思路，设计并实现了基于SVM的网络信息过滤系统；该系统实现了三级过滤机制，主要包括数据包截获及协议分析、SVM训练、系统过滤、反馈学习等模块；该系统采用SPI技术实现数据包的截获及重组，采用向量空间模型进行文本表示，利用SVM方法对训练样本进行学习，生成用户模板，利用基于SVM的反馈增量学习算法来进一步调整优化用户模板。

It introduces a kind of novel loading test system, based on the operation principle of damper. this loading system is operated by the driving motor. it realizes the loading, in that the damper has a negative drive force that puts on the motor. Based on the ordinary electromagnetic damper, the thesis presents a novel hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper which has adjustable work characteristic, analyses the working principle and structural feature of the electromagnetic damper, deduces the formulas to calculate the eddy current density through the Electromagnetic theory, analyses the distribution of the eddy current in the cotyloid rotor, and also studies the method of calculating the damp torque, establishes the mathematical model of the electromagnetic damper, analyses the relationship between the electromagnetic damper structural parameter and damp torque, researches the engineering design and analysis method of the electromagnetic damper, provides theory foundation for the design and analysis of the electromagnetic damper, contrives a hybrid excitation electromagnetic damper that satisfies the target request, designs a set of compound excitation electromagnetic damping loading control system whose control core is AT89C51 monolithic integrated circuit, analyses the electric circuit part, and carries on the experimental test to this set of electric circuits. Finally it debugs this electromagnetic damping loading system, this system satisfies the target request proposed.

论文提出了一个全新的加载测试系统种类，该加载系统是在阻尼器工作原理基础上，利用电动机拖动阻尼器运转，从而阻尼器产生一个与运动方向相反的阻尼力矩，该力矩作用在电动机上实现对电动机加载测试；同时，论文在一般电磁阻尼器基础上提出了一种新型的可调式复合励磁电磁阻尼器结构，该种阻尼器的工作特性在一定范围内可进行调节；论文分析了电磁阻尼器的工作原理和结构特点，运用电磁场理论分析推导了电磁阻尼器的涡电流密度公式，分析了涡电流在转子杯内的分布图，并对阻尼力矩计算方法进行了研究，建立了电磁阻尼器的数学模型，分析了电磁阻尼器结构参数和阻尼力矩之间的关系，对电磁阻尼器的设计和分析方法进行了研究，为电磁阻尼器的工程设计建立了理论基础；设计了满足技术指标要求的复合励磁电磁阻尼器和一套以AT89C51单片机为控制核心的复合励磁电磁阻尼加载控制系统，对该控制系统硬件电路各部分进行了分析和设计，对软件进行了设计，并对控制电路进行了试验调试，该系统满足所提出的加载指标要求。

This article carried on the reading related activity and the physical question design and in the solution literature foundation to the related concept connotation and the related theory has combed with summarizes, proposed based on the active junior middle school physics question and the solution principle and the method, and has carried on nine grade electrophysics based on the active question design teaching practice, has formed four typical cases: Series circuit characteristic case, electric radiator electric current thermal reaction case, Electricity review class case and practice simple circuit design case, has obtained the positive result.

本文在阅读有关活动及物理问题设计与解决的文献基础上对相关概念内涵及有关理论进行了梳理与综述，提出了基于活动的初中物理问题与解决的原则与方法，并进行了九年级物理电学基于活动的问题设计教学实践，形成了四个典型的案例：串联电路特点案例、电热器电流的热效应案例、电学复习课案例和实践活动简单电路设计案例，取得了积极的结果。

According to by the time series estimate power spectral density\'s periodogram law principle,the research adopts five level of orbital power spectra which US Federal railway Administrative bureau FRA proposed;then,through the Fourier inverse transformation,the orbital not smooth time domain samples are obtained, which determine the track irregularity peak-to-peak value and the corresponding wave length; on the basis of the research,the influence of the wheel track dynamic contact force are considered.Based on the orbital roadbed coefficient\'s definition,computation model is established to solve the roadbed equispaced spring constant,and the roadbed uniform spring stiffness is obtained by using the numerical simulation method.Finally,based on the Matlab procedure platform,the computational procedure is established,and the load time interval caused by the moving train acts on the roadbed is obtained.

根据由时间序列估计功率谱密度的周期图法原理，采用美国联邦铁路管理局FRA提出的五级轨道功率谱，通过Fourier逆变换得到轨道不平顺的时域样本，确定了轨道不平顺的幅值及对应的波长，以此为基础考虑轮轨动态接触力的影响；基于轨道路基系数的定义建立了求解路基均布弹簧刚度的计算模型，采用数值模拟得到了路基均布弹簧刚度；最后，基于Matlab程序平台编制了计算程序，得到了运行列车作用到路基上的荷载时程。

The creative point of this dissertation consists firstly in that monochromatic stimuli instead of combined spectral power distribution were used as visual object, and spectral luminous efficacy curves were drawn from the performance-based method; Comparison between performance-based method and brightness-matching method was then done and therefore connection between these two methods was developed; One more creative point is that the analysis based on the theory of neurophysiology and psychophysics leads to the conclusion that contribution of the colour channel during visual information processing is reflected from performance-based method, which should be considered when CIE develops the new mesopic photometry system.

论文的新颖之处在于实验中使用了单色光谱代替复合谱或物体色作为视觉目标，在分析中间视觉状态下视觉功能的光谱响应特性的基础上反推了人眼的光谱光视效率函数；论文更进一步验证了基于视觉功能法和传统的视亮度匹配法之间的联系，在两种方法之间构造了一座桥梁，为基于视觉功能法的使用初步建立了理论依据；同时论文创新地采用心理物理学的方法进行实验和结合物理学和视神经生理学的知识对实验结果进行分析，从而从视觉信息处理的神经机制层面证明了基于视觉功能法获得的结果包含了视觉颜色通道效应，并对CIE在建立新的中间视觉光度学系统时要充分考虑这一视觉颜色通道的影响提出了建议。

The way humans cognize the body part expression TE, which means "hand" in Japanese, can be considered through two kinds of cognitive processes; one is based on metonymical link which basically relies on spatial contiguity and conceptual contiguity with HANDS, and the other one is based on metaphorical link which relies on the similarity with our hands.

对於日语身体部位词「手」的认知过程大致上可分为，基於和「手」有空间上或概念上的关连性而形成的换喻，以及透过与「手」的相似性而形成的隐喻。

The investigations in this thesis focus on several aspects as follows: We investigate the method that how to produce permutation matrix by using chaotic map, and get the method of image permutation based on chaotic map. This method can make original image to unorderly image to protect the true content of image. We investigate gray level mix function, and put forward a gray level mix function based on chaotic map. Because this function has chaotic characteristics, the image dealed with this function has very uniform histogram. Aiming at the contradiction between error robust and security on image encryption, we put forward a kind of gray level mix function including diffusion mechanism.

本文的研究工作主要集中在以下几方面：研究了如何利用混沌映射产生置乱矩阵的方法，给出了基于混沌的数字图像置乱方法，该方法能够将原始图像变成面目全非的杂乱图像，从而保护了数字图像的真实内容；研究了灰级混合函数，提出了基于混沌的灰级混合函数，由于该函数具有混沌特性，所以经过该函数处理后的图像具有非常均衡的灰级直方图；针对图像加密的错误鲁棒性与安全性之间的矛盾，提出了一种含有扩散机制的灰级混合函数。

This research was untaken by observing the construction of the school-based teaching research system, the school-based teaching research guided by tasks, the teaching research based on reading, the school-based teaching research of exploring teaching. All tasks carried out in this research reflect the original form of teachers\' professional development under the background of new curriculum reform.

本研究考察了校本教研制度的建立；课题导引的校本研修活动；以读书为载体的校本研修；关于探究性课程的校本研修；学校里的研究课等内容，反映了新课程背景下教师集体专业成长的原生形态。

The traditional snake model only applies the features of the curve, which did not adequately apply the feature of the image. But in the algorithm, the corners of the detected object is detected based on the MIC operator; the initialized curve is set based on the corners; the object is fitted according on the snake model. The traditional snake model highly depended on the initialized position of the curve and can not get well fitted effort for the image which has the corners and concaves. The proposed algorithm preferably solve the drawbacks.

传统的snake算法只考虑曲线本身的特征，并没有充分的利用被拟合图像本身的特征，而此算法首先检测被拟和目标的角点，然后以这些角点为基准进行曲线初始化，最后根据snake算法进行目标拟和；较好地解决了传统snake模型对初始化位置敏感、对有角点和凹陷的图像收敛效果差的缺点。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。