查询词典 barons

Altho ug h The Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationships between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king.

尽管人们普遍认为《大宪章》为英国的自由奠定了基础，但该宪章只是规定国王和贵族之间封建关系和法律关系的文件，保证了教会的自由，限制了国王权利。

And for obtaining the common counsel of the kingdom anent the assessing of an aid (except in the three cases aforesaid) or of a scutage, we will cause to be summoned the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and greater barons, severally by our letters; and we will moveover cause to be summoned generally, through our sheriffs and bailiffs, and others who hold of us in chief, for a fixed date, namely, after the expiry of at least forty days, and at a fixed place; and in all letters of such summons we will specify the reason of the summons.

就征收贡金或盾牌钱事宜，为获得全国同意，我们应向各人发出书面文件传召大主教、主教、修院长、伯爵和资深男爵集议；此外，我们应通过郡长和执行吏发出普遍传召令，传召其他直属封臣，在确定的时间（明确日期，且须在40日之后）和确定的地点召开会议；在所有传召文件中，均应明确传召的理由。

Mr Nath's problem was the wretched farmers, not the East Anglian sugar barons or the American cotton kings, so often the butt of abuse. There is another group of farmers who wallow in subsidies, wreck government budgets and who demand high tariff walls to keep out imports of cheaper food.

纳什的问题是悲惨的农民，而不是东英吉利的糖业大亨或者美国的棉花大王，还有一群沉迷于补贴、破坏政府预算、要求建立高关税保护墙以拒绝廉价进口食品的农民。

Mr Nath's problem was the wretched farmers, not the East Anglian sugar barons or the American cotton kings, so often the butt of abuse.

然而，他没有看着他的谈判对手，巴西、美国、欧洲和阿根廷的部长们。他的眼睛盯着新德里，印度央行正在加息，并发出经济放缓的信号。

John, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count of Anjou, to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justiciars , foresters, sheriffs , stewards, servants, and to all his bailiffs and faithful subjects , greeting.

约翰的恩典的上帝，国王的英格兰，勋爵的爱尔兰，诺曼底公爵和阿基坦和安茹伯爵，向大主教，主教，方丈，伯爵，男爵， justiciars ，林务员，县行政司法长官，管家，仆人，和他的所有法警和忠实科目，问候。

JOHN, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke ofNormandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops,bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs,stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects,Greeting.

约翰，上帝给我们的恩赐，英格兰的王，爱尔兰的领主，诺曼底和阿奎潭的丢克，Anjou的考特，向他的大主教，主教，修道院院长，厄尔，巴仁，法官，森林守护官，郡长，管家，办事员，及所有的公职人员和忠实的仆人，问候。

When he seizes the land of his cousin Henry Bolingbroke , both the commoners and the barons decide that their king has gone too far...

但他昏庸无能—一生挥霍无道、误选小人、置国家及子民诸不顾。当他夺去表兄亨利的土地时，百姓和贵族均认为他太离经叛道。

Since, moreover, for God and the amendment of our kingdom and for the better allaying of the quarrel that has arisen between us and our barons, we have granted all these concessions, desirous that they should enjoy them in complete and firm endurance forever, we give and grant to them the underwritten security, namely, that the barons choose five and twenty barons of the kingdom, whomsoever they will, who shall be bound with all their might, to observe and hold, and cause to be observed, the peace and liberties we have granted and confirmed to them by this our present Charter, so that if we, or our justiciar, or our bailiffs or any one of our officers, shall in anything be at fault towards anyone, or shall have broken any one of the articles of this peace or of this security, and the offense be notified to four barons of the foresaid five and twenty, the said four barons shall repair to us (or our justiciar, if we are out of the realm) and, laying the transgression before us, petition to have that transgression redressed without delay.

此外，基于对神的爱，为了促进国家昌明，为了更好的消除我们与男爵们之间的冲突，我们已同意授予上述各项权利，愿各位男爵完全而完满地得享自由，直到永远，为此我们同意授予如下之保障措施：各位男爵可凭心意从国中选举二十五名男爵，这些男爵应尽其全力遵守、维护并确保所有人遵守我们所授予的、由本宪章确认的和平与各项自由权利；故，兹明确，如我们、或我们的司法官、或我们的执行吏、或我们的任何其他官员侵犯任何人或违反和解条文与保证条文中任何一款，并且，如上述二十五名男爵中有四人获知违规情节，则该四名男爵即可面见我们，如我们不在国内，则面见司法官，指出错误行为，并要求立即纠正。

I. which enacts, that no talliage or aid shall be taken without assent of the arch-bishops, bishops, earls, barons, knights, burgesses, and other freemen of the land;43 and again by 14 Edw. III. st. 2. c. 1. the prelates, earls, barons, and commons, citizens, burgesses, and merchants shall not be charged to make any aid, it be not by the common assent of the great men and commons in parliament. And, lastly, by the statute 1 W.

爱德华一世第34年第4部法案进行了更充分的解释，它规定：未经王国内的大主教，主教，earl和baron，骑士，市民和其他自由人的同意，不得收取捐款和援助；然后又通过爱德华三世第14年第2部法案第一章规定：未经国会两院的共同同意，高级教士，贵族和平民，公民，市民和商人不应当承担任何援助。

For whenever these factions have their cardinals they do not remain quiet for long, because cardinals foster the factions in Rome and out of it, and the barons are compelled to support them, and thus from the ambitions of prelates arise disorders and tumults among the barons.

虽然在他们当中有些能够改变局势的头头，可是有两件事牢固地控制着他们：一件是教廷的强大，使他们有所畏惧，另一件是不让他们的人担任枢机主教，因为这种主教是党派之间发生纷争的根源。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。