查询词典 backward

Today, backward country is in after be on socialism to develop way, pass productivity span type develops, achieve the world history progress to socialism and communistic direction, what make a kind of history is inevitable.

今天 ，落后国家在走上社会主义发展道路之后，通过生产力的跨越式发展，实现世界历史向社会主义和共产主义方向的发展，就成为一种历史的必然。

In part 1, we explore some properties of solution y of a backward stochastic differential equation, such as comparison theorem, reverse comparison theorem and uniqueness theorem of generator.

第一部分研究了倒向随机微分方程的解中y的性质，其中包括解的比较定理，逆比较定理，生成元的唯一性定理。

Under the most elementary conditions for backward stochastic differential equation introduced by Peng S., we put forward and prove a general converse comparison theorem.

在由彭实戈引入的倒向随机微分方程的最基本的条件下，提出并证明了一个一般的反比较定理。

In this paper, we study the comparison theorem of backward doubly stochastic differ-ential equtions with continuous coefficient by Tanaka-Meyer formula.

利用Tanaka-Meyer公式研究了双重倒向随机微分方程在连续条件下的比较定理。

Based on this theory,an analysis of the problem of payoff to the concessionaire in the concession contract when there are not government guarantee s and the concessionaire is risk-averse is carried out by using the backward-induction method.

基于这样一个理论框架，利用逆向递推方法，文章对没有政府担保下，特许权人为风险厌恶的政府特许权合约的报酬设计进行分析，给出了政府特许权人的风险态度和服务定价之间的关系。

Then the stationary joint probability density, the conditional reliability function, the mean first-passage time of the optimally controlled system are obtained from solving the reduced FPK equation, the backward Kolmogorov equation and the Pontryagin equation, respectively of fully averaged systems.

求解与之相应的Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov方程得最优控制系统的联合概率密度，进而求得最优控制系统的平均幅值；求解与之相应的后向Kolmogorov方程得最优控制系统的条件可靠性函数，进而求得首次穿越时间的条件概率密度；求解与之相应的Pontryagin方程得最优控制系统的平均首次穿越时间。

First, the backward Kolmogorov equation for the conditional reliability function and the Pontryagin equation for mean first-passage time and then- associated boundary and initial conditions are derived based on the stochastic averaging methods for quasi non-integrable, quasi integrable and quasi partially integ...

首先利用拟不可积、拟可积非共振及拟部分可积非共振Hamilton系统的随机平均法分别给出了研究该系统首次穿越问题的提法，包括计算条件可靠性函数的后向Kolmogorov方程及计算平均首次穿越时间的Pontryagin方程及其边值条件。

Then the FPK equation governing the joint probability density of amplitude and phase, the backward Kolmogorov equation governing the conditional reliability function, and the Pontryagin equation governing the mean first passage time are established, respectively.

随机微分方程。在此基础上，建立联合概率密度满足的Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov方程、条件可靠性函数满足的后向Kolmogorov方程以及平均首次穿越时间满足的Pontryagin方程，分别求解这些方程得到联合概率密度、条件可靠性函数以及平均首次穿越时间。

Increasing risk aversion and disappointment aversion have similar effects on optimal hedge position: increasing it in a backward market and decreasing it in a contango market.

风险厌恶或者失望厌恶程度的提高对最优套期保值头寸的影响方向是一致的，既在市场升水时增加头寸，在市场贴水时减少头寸。

China's productive forces, science and technology, and education is relatively backward, industrialization and modernization still has a long way to go; The urban and rural economic structure has not changed, regional disparities have not reversed the trend, also quite poor; Total population continued to increase, rising proportion of the elderly population, employment and social security pressure; Ecological environment, natural resources and economic and social development have become increasingly conspicuous; we still face in the developed countries in the economic and scientific superiority pressure; economy and other aspects of the management system is not perfect; the building of democratic legal system and ideology and morality, there are still some problems which can not be overlooked.

我国生产力和科技、教育还比较落后，实现工业化和现代化还有很长的路要走；城乡二元经济结构还没有改变，地区差距扩大的趋势尚未扭转，贫困人口还为数不少；人口总量继续增加，老龄人口比重上升，就业和社会保障压力增大；生态环境、自然资源和经济社会发展的矛盾日益突出；我们仍然面临发达国家在经济科技等方面占优势的压力；经济体制和其他方面的管理体制还不完善；民主法制建设和思想道德建设等方面还存在一些不容忽视的问题。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷