查询词典 average

Exact formulae for the end-to-end average bit error rate and average number of connected hops in the communication route are deduced separately for the interfering and noninterfering environments.

本文在基于网络节点均匀分布的情况下，对AdHoc传感器网络的连接性进行了理论计算，在无干扰和有干扰环境下分别得出了通信路由中端到端平均误比特率和平均连接跳数的精确表达式。

The Village has 780 mu of paddy fields and 350 mu ofnonirrigated dryland, with an average of 0.6 mu cultivated land per capita (0.4 mupaddy field and 0.2 mu nonirrigated dryland ), an average slightly above that of 0.5mu of the whole province.

全村现有水田780亩、旱地350亩，人均耕地0.6亩（水田4分，旱地2分），人均耕地面积略高于广东省人均0.5亩的数值，水田的比例却是较低的。

Design the structure of high performance Low-E film including its material and thickness of every layer according to basic optical theory. Carry out an innovative work to calculate its optical performance by characteristic matrices and optical admittance. Compare the results with those we get by traditional measurement.3. Prepare Low-E films with RF magnetron controlled reactive sputtering. The result shows that in the visible region (380nm-780nm), the highest transmittance is 82.4% while the average value is 75%. In the NIR region (780nm-2500nm), the average transmittance is 16.2%. These characters can fit the demand of the glass used in architecture and cars, and also in other applications.4. We novelly use the material Titanium as protective layer to solve the problem that Ag layer would disappear when depositing the second TiO_2 layer. As the protective layer, Ti does not increase the number of targets so as to lower the costs. The thickness of the protective layer Titanium is adjusted by controlling of sputtering time. Results shows the Low-E films get the best optical character when the sputtering time of Titanium is 20 seconds5. We novelly proposed a new transmittance quality factor Q=_·(?_-__ to evaluate the performances of Low-E films, which makes it easier to judge the qualities of Low-E film.6. The photocatalysis of Titanium dioxides is researched and introduced into Low-E films. Sb-doped TiO_2 thin films are prepared. Its photocatalysis and hydrophilicity are measured.

论文的工作主要有：1、总结了低辐射薄膜的制备方法，性能，以及国内外最新研究进展和应用，并对两种类型的低辐射薄膜进行了比较。2、从光学基本理论开始，设计了离线低辐射薄膜的结构，包括每一层的材料和厚度，并创新性的用特性矩阵和光学导纳理论计算了该离线膜的光学性能，利用软件对其进行了仿真，与实际制备的薄膜所测量的性能相比较。3、完成在实验室仪器上制备低辐射薄膜，掌握其工艺条件，解决了超薄金属膜的制备问题，所制备的低辐射薄膜在可见光区(380hm-780hm)最高可达82.4%，平均透射率为75%；在近红外区(780nm-2500nm)的平均透射率为16.2%，其性能达到建筑物幕墙玻璃，汽车前挡玻璃等应用标准，并为进一步的大规模生产打下基础。4、针对中间银层在镀上层膜时易被氧化这一工艺难题，本研究创新性的提出用Ti膜作为保护膜，没有增加新的靶材，提高了生产效率，并节约了生产成本。

［Objective］ To analyze the outcome of internal fixation for occipitalization with atlantoaxial joint dislocation by posterior decompression and occipitocervical fusion ［Method］ From December 2005 to June 2007,8 patients with occipitalization and atlantoaxial joint dislocation received removal of the posterior arcus of atlas and the enlargement of the posterior edge of the foramen magnum after skull traction performing for an average of 135 daysAll patients were operated on by posterior craniocervical fusion using cervifix internal fixation system and autologous ilium graftsThe clinical efficacy after operation was analyzed by Japanese Orthopaedic Associationneural function score ［Result］ All the patients were followed up from 6 months to 2 years, average of 15 monthsNo complication was foundAtlantodental interval was 5~9 mm before and 4~6 mm after skull tractionAtlantoaxial joint dislocation didn't completely reducedThe neurological defects were improved to some extents according to the JOA scoreImageology showed all patients had full decompression and bony fusionThe loosening or broken internal fixation was not found ［Conclusion］ Posterior decompression and fusion is a feasible method for the treatment of occipitalization with atlantoaxial joint dislocation,and the clinical effect is satisfactory

分析后路减压枕颈融合内固定术治疗合并寰枢关节脱位的寰椎枕骨化临床疗效。［方法］2005年12月至2007年6月间，对8例合并寰枢关节脱位的寰椎枕骨化患者在行颅骨牵引治疗一段时间（12~16 d，平均135 d）后采用枕骨大孔后缘扩大，寰椎后弓切除减压取自体髂骨枕颈融合Cervifix系统内固定术，手术后采用日本骨科学会神经功能评分分析临床疗效。［结果］8例患者随访6个月~2年，平均为15个月。8例患者无一例出现术后并发症，术前寰齿前间隙为5~9 mm，经颅骨牵引后为5~7 mm，寰枢关节脱位未能完全复位。手术前后JOA评分示神经症状均有不同程度恢复，影像学检查示枕颈区减压充分植骨区获得骨性融合，无一例出现内固定松动或断裂。［结论］合并寰枢关节脱位的寰椎枕骨化患者术前仔细评估影像学改变，采用颅骨牵引一段时间后行后路减压枕颈融合内固定术的治疗方案是合理可行的，且临床效果满意。

The dynamic simulation test showed that, the removal rate of TN、 NH_3-N、TP of Oenanthe javanica floating-bed was positive correlated with water temperature. The average removal loading rate of TN and TP were 0.80g/m.~2·d and 0.11g/m~2·d, respectively. The inhibition on algae was steady and the average inhibition rate was 57.3%. We also got the best value of hydraulic loading rate, floating-bed coverage rate, water depth under dynamic polluted river. They were 1.0m~3/(m~2·d)、 30%、 30cm.

动态模拟试验表明：水芹菜浮床对动态污染河水中TN、NH_3-N、TP的去除率与水温正相关，TN的平均去除负荷为0.80g/m~2·d，TP的平均去除负荷为0.11g/m2~2·d，对藻类的抑制作用较为稳定，平均抑制率为57.3%；获得了对动态污染河水最佳净化效果时的水力负荷参数为1.0m~3/(m~2·d)、浮床覆盖率为30%、水深为30cm。

Results After 4 hours of test, the non-epidemic strains became positive and the average growth density of the non-epidemic strains was higher than that of the epidemic strains; however, some were still lower than the epidemic strains. In contrast, at the eighth hour oftest, when epidemic strains got positive, they showed higher average growth density.

结果 在甘露醇发酵实验第4小时非流行株出现阳性反应时，非流行株整体生长趋势较流行株迅速，但单个菌株生长速度有快有慢；第8小时流行株出现阳性反应时，其生长高于非流行株。

Onlay island flap group were 2 - 10 years old, with an average age of 4.72, including Ⅱ degree 22 cases, and m degree 2 cases, all were primary surgery; Snodgrass group were 2 - 13 years old, with an average age of 4.76,Ⅱ degree 36 cases,Ⅲ degree 3 cases, IV degree 1 case, 37 were primary surgery, 3 were repeat surgery.

其中Ⅱ度22例，Ⅲ度2例，均为初次行尿道成形术者；Snodgrass术组年龄2～13岁，平均4、76岁，其中Ⅱ度36例，m度3例，Ⅳ度1例。37例为初次行尿道成形术者，3例为初次尿道成形术失败，再次行尿道成形术者。

The ophitic and subophitic textures, elongated apatite crystals, low Al(superscript Ⅵ)/Al(superscript Ⅳ) ratios (0.00-0.28, 0.12 on average) in clinopyroxene, and low Cao content in olivine (0.04%~0.24%, average 0.12%) indicate that the gabbrowas crystallized at a low pressure.

辉长岩所具有的辉绿辉长结构、大量细长针状磷灰石、单斜辉石中较低的Al/Al值（0.00~0.28，平均为0.12）及橄榄石中较低的CaO含量（0.04%~0.24%，平均为0.12%），均体现出浅成侵入岩的特点。

The ophitic and subophitic textures, elongated apatite crystals, low AlⅥ/AlⅣ ratios (0.00 ～0.28, 0.12 on average) in clinopyroxene, and low CaO content in olivine (0.04%～0.24%, average 0.12%) indicate that the gabbro was crystallized at a low pressure.

辉长岩所具有的辉绿辉长结构、大量细长针状磷灰石、单斜辉石中较低的AlⅥ/AlⅣ（0.00 ～0.28，平均为0.12）及橄榄石中较低的CaO含量（0.04%～0.24%，平均为0.12%），均体现出浅成侵入岩的特点。

Compared with the controls, both 10.0-10 000.0 μgL^(-1) of methamidophos and 100.0 μgL^(-1) of 17β-estradiol increased the mean population growth rate significantly.0.1-10 000.0 and 10.0 μgL^(-1) of methamidophos decreased significantly the average ratio of ovigerous to non-ovigerous females and the average mictic rate, respectively, and 1000.0 μgL^(-1) of 17β-estradiol decreased the total resting egg production significantly.

与对照相比，10.0~10000.0μgL^(-1)的甲胺磷和100.0μgL^(-1)的17β-雌二醇均使轮虫的平均种群增长率显著提高；0.1~10000.0和10.0μgL^(-1)的甲胺磷分别显著地降低了实验期间轮虫种群中的携卵雌体数／非携卵雌体数和混交雌体百分率的平均值；1000.0μgL^(-1)的17β-雌二醇显著降低了轮虫的休眠卵总产量。

The work of this paper is as follows: 1. Looking back the progressing history of the linear motor, introducing the features of the elevator driven by linear induction motor, radicating the topic of this paper "the digital frequency variable control of the elevator bi-side direct driven by linear induction motor". The research of this paper covers the conventional VVVF control, space vector based VVVF control, vector control and DTC.

本文主要开展了以下几个方面的工作： 1 回顾了直线电机发展历史，电机的驱动技术演变，特别是针对直线电机的驱动，简要介绍了直线感应电机驱动电梯的优点和不同结构类型，对传统的v／f控制，基于空间矢量法的v／f控制，矢量控制，和基于电压空间矢量的直接转矩控制进行了比较，确立了本课题的研究主题：直线感应电机双边直推式驱动电梯的全数字变频控制。

The article combines with the treatment of a superficial civil air defense work to introduce how the grouting method to improve the performance of the backfill soil.

文章从治理漂浮人防工事的角度提出了注浆技术在改善回填土性质方面的应用，并详细阐述了注浆技术的施工流程。