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According to heat load source of die cavity, temperature distribution gradient equations and heat flux equations and the peak value equations of temperature load at die cavity surface have been obtained with research of temperature distribution and transfer laws of die surface by unsteady heat transfer theory.

摘要根据锻模型腔热负荷来源，通过非稳态传热理论，分析研究了模具工作表面层的温度分布与传递规律，给出了型腔表面温度分布梯度和热流密度公式，并给出了锻模型腔表面的温度负荷峰值的计算公式。

According to heat load source of die cavity, temperature distribution gradient equations and heat flux equations and the peak value equations of temperature load at die cavity surface have been obtained with research of temperature distribution and transfer laws of die surface by unsteady heat transfer theory.

新闻摘要：根据锻模型腔热负荷来源，通过非稳态传热理论，分析研究了模具工作表面层的温度分布与传递规律，给出了型腔表面温度分布梯度和热流密度公式，并给出了锻模型腔表面的温度负荷峰值的计算公式。

The energy balance of flue gas, radiative heat transfer equations and zero dimensional model of heat transfer are derived in the multiple combustion boiler combining a chain grate with a pulverized coal, considering the radiation heat between the lower and upper zone in the furnace.

将链条炉排加煤粉复合燃烧锅炉的炉膛分成上下两部分，导出了上下炉膛的烟气热平衡方程、辐射换热方程及炉膛传热计算的零维模型，方程中考虑了上下炉膛间的辐射换热。

By Using the 3 D unsteady state heat transfer equation,the heat convection and radiation between the checker and the gas which flows through the checker holes,and the heat conduction among the checker in the chamber of the hot blast stove were studied.

应用三维非稳态热量传输方程，对高炉热风炉在燃烧过程中蓄热室内格子砖与气体之间的对流和辐射传热，以及格子砖内部的导热过程进行了耦合求解得到了在燃烧期内格子砖及燃烧过程中燃烧废气的温度分布情况及其随时间的变化规

By using the 2-D unsteady state heat transfer equation,the heat convection and radiation between the checker,the gas flowing through the checker holes and the heat conduction among the checkers in the chamber of the hot blast stove were studied.

应用二维非稳态热量传输方程，对高炉热风炉蓄热室内格子砖与气体之间的对流和辐射传热，以及蓄热体内部的导热过程进行求解，分析热风炉的不同操作制度对热效率的影响。

The major works are as follows: 1 The 3-D numerical model of U-sharp flow passages is set up. The single-phase fluid flow and heat transfer are simulated for the U-sharp smooth and rib-roughened flow passages with FLUENT software. Their performance curves, temperature field and velocity vector are obtained and the local heat transfer and flow pressure-drop distribution along flow passage are analyzed. It is revealed that the ribbed flow passages can enhance heat-transfer and make the temperature more uniform, but it increases the pressure-drop to more extent. 2 The influences of diaphragm depth, channel width and board spacing on the performance are investigated.

建立了层叠式蒸发器U形流道的3维湍流模型，用FLUENT软件对尺寸相同的U形光滑流道和肋化流道中单相流体的传热和流动进行了数值模拟，得到了两种流道的传热和阻力性能关系曲线及速度矢量图、温度场，分析了光滑流道和肋化流道的局部换热系数及沿程压降变化，结果表明流道的肋化能有效的增强传热，而且使流体的流动和传热更加均匀，但也较大地增大了阻力。

The control thermal resistance is that of natural convection and thus heat pipe radiator can be simplified as a vertical plate channel heat radiator. The influence of tilt angle to thermal resistance of heat pipe radiator is also discussed in this paper.

该散热器的控制热阻为翅片与空气间的自然对流热阻，其间的传热可简化为倾斜通道自然对流的传热，在竖直平板通道模型的基础上加以翅片倾斜角度的修正。

About design programs of propylene tower post weld whole heat treatment, we have made analyses and compare from the various technical and economic aspects, and in vertical state of large pressurized vessel, we propose to adopt the internal combustion heat treatment method, in horizontal state of it, to adopt high temperature flue gas heat treatment method, and propose center combustion tube method as the future direction of technical developmnet insights.

摘要围绕丙烯塔焊后整体热处理的各种设计方案，从技术、经济等方面进行分析对比，提出对超大型压力容器，立置状态下宜采用内燃法热处理；卧置状态时宜采用高温烟气法热处理，并提出将中心燃烧管法作为今后技术发展方向的见解。

The article stated a number of issues which should be solved by commercial low-temperature Air-source heat pump,such as heat pump cycle of screw compressor with economizer, Two-stage screw compression system,double stage coupling heat pump,cascade refrigeration system.

文章阐明了带经济器的螺杆压缩机系统、双级往复压缩系统、双系统中间水路耦合系统、复叠式系统等商用低温空气源热泵系统需要解决的一些问题，对于更好地促进这空气源热泵技术的发展具有积极的意义。

In this paper, based on a pill-box window model with a conical-shaped alumina ceramic and Ansoft HFSS software, the relation of VSWR with various electrical parameters in the window is simulated; the effects of variations of the output window structure on electrical field intensity, microwave power flow and quantity of heat are analyzed; the electrical characteristics of frequency bandwidth, power capability and heat dissipation for the pill-box window with conical-shaped or disk alumina ceramic are discussed, which shows that, with a rational structure of the window with conical-shaped alumina ceramic, the output capability of microwave peak and average power may greatly be increased, the secondary electron emission may effectively be suppressed, and heat dissipation may become more uniform and be easier for cooling.

本文在前人工作的基础上，基于圆锥形陶瓷盒形输出窗模型，采用Ansoft HFSS三维计算软件的优化模拟，对该输出窗模型的驻波频率特性与各种结构参量的关系进行了优化模拟，分析了该输出窗片结构变化对其表面的电场分布，功率流分布、热量分布的影响，得出最优模型参数。并且探讨了陶瓷窗片的形状和几何结构对改善输出窗的频带特性、提高峰值功率和平均功率、抑制二次电子倍增方面的作用。

A carrier gas such as nitrogen is directed through line 20 and valve 22 to connect with line 26 and mix with the gas sample.

如氮气之类的载体通过管线20和阀22引入，与管线26相通，与气体样品混合。

But for the most part, knaves and parasites had the command of his fortune

然而支配他的家产的大多是恶棍和寄生虫。