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However, if the distance between the tungstn tip and Al (100) surface is close enough, about 9 Bohr, the single Al atom under the tungsten tip can be extracted from the surface without any electrical field.

与半导体情形不同的是，在针尖与样品表面距离小于约9Bohr时，仅依靠针尖作用可以让Al原子自动脱离Al（100）表面。

Week 15 Experiment law of hydrogen atomic spectrum, Bohr hydrogen atom theory, wave -particle dualism of matter, de Broglie waves, uncertainty relation, wave function and its statistical explanation, standard condition of wave function, Schrodingger equation in one dimension, simple introduction of quantum mechanics.

第15周氢原子光谱的实验规律，氢原子的玻尔理论；波粒二像性，德布罗意波，不确定关系；波函数及其统计解释，波函数的标准条件，一维薛定谔方程，量子力学简介。

Bohr radius was the radius of the circle in which the electron moved in the ground state of the hydrogen atom, according to the Bohr theory.

根据玻尔理论，玻尔半径是在基态氢原子中电子运动的圆周半径。

The 1s electron cloud in hydrogen atom has the largest probability density distribution around a spherical shell with Bohr radius a 0. The author thinks the probability density distribution and electron cloud belong in fact,to statistic regularity, and imply a macro-time scale is used, therefore in hydrogen molecule the product of energy and time is far larger than Planck Constant.

氢原子中 1s电子的电子云呈球形，电子的最大几率密度分布出现在玻尔半径a0 的球壳内，认为几率密度分布及电子云属统计规律，意味着已经使用了宏观时标，这样就使氢分子体系中能量和时间的作用量远大于普郎克常数；根据电子云的交叠，用经典力学计算了基态氢分子的结构常数，获得键长、键能及力常数的表达式分别为Re=2a0 ，De=ze/4 2a0 ，k=ze/2 2a30 ，采用原子单位 a 。u 。

Bond and angle types are assigned based on (1) atom types,(2) bond lengths or bond angles in the QM optimised geometry and (3) matching force constants derived from the Hessian matrix.

键和键角类型标记，依据（1）原子类型（2）量子优化几何学中的键长或者键角（3）源于 Hessian 矩阵的合适的力常数。

The objectives of this paper are to study a new simple calculation of elements' electronegativity and bond energy in double-atom molecules and to explore its physical significance.

研究了电负性和双原子分子键能的一种简单算法，并对其物理意义作初步探讨。

Electron spectroscopy for chmical analysis revealed the bond energy of nitrogen atom in the photocatalysts to be 400 eV.

利用ESCA仪器量测到触媒有氮原子键能存在，约为400 eV。

These calculation results indicate that the Second-order Born approximation is available on researching the electron-atom scattering in a laser field.

计算结果表明，由二阶玻恩近似方法得出的结果与实验符合比较好，从而说明这种计算方法在研究激光场中电子—原子散射时是准确的。

ABSTRACT In the first Born approximation, the laser assisted ion-and positron-atom charge exchange collisions are studied.

本文在Born近似下，系统地研究了强激光场中裸离子与正电子对原子的电荷转移过程，在偶极近似下。

Recent measurements on CO2-laser-assisted electron-atom collisions have shown large inconsistencies with the Kroll-Watson formula.We use Born approximation theory to carry out a detailed study of the problem.

最近的CO2激光辅助电子-原子碰撞的测量结果与K-W公式存在着非常大的差异，用玻恩近似理论对此进行了详细的研究。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。