查询词典 at this rate

The invasion of drilling fluid is the main cause to the damage of fractured formation. The composite salt free-gel drilling fluid is got after analyzing the influence of different kinds of such soluble adulterant as organic salt and non organic salt on the performance of the solid-free drilling fluid and studying the condition to develop the free gel structure and the method to improve the fluid's high temperature stability and inhibitive property. The experiment shows that the apparent viscosity of this system is as high as 27000 mPas when the share rate is 0.3 r/min and the high temperature reaches at the stable level of 150℃ and the HTHP filtrate loss decreases to 15 ml at 150℃.

钻井液侵入是裂缝性储层损害的主要因素之一，实验分析了无机盐、有机盐等不同类型水溶性加重剂对无固相钻井液性能的影响，研究了无固相钻井液快速弱凝胶特性形成条件以及高温稳定性和抑制能力的提高方法，研制出的无固相复合盐弱凝胶功能性钻井液高温稳定性达到150℃，具有独特的流变性（0.3r/min黏度达到27000 mPas）和优良的抑制能力（150℃HTHP滤失量小于15 mL），成本远低于甲酸盐钻井完井液。

Meanwhile, the concentration of Pb,Zn and other heavy metals is rather high in the oxidation zone and decreasesdownward to levels that are unbelievably low for Pb-Zn mine tailings. Theseobservations suggest that heavy metals should be re-immobilized by secondaryminerals, rather than primary minerals, in the oxidation zone, and could be leachedout from suboxic environment due to low rate oxidative dissolution which preventsthe precipitation of secondary minerals in significant amount. Thus, cover scenarioswhich establish a suboxic environment beneath the cover layer might not always beeffective in preventing heavy metal release from mine tailings.Sequential extraction studies indicate that, in addition to heavy metal leaching,oxidation of the mine tailings increased the mobility of residual Zn, and Cu, while Pb remains immobile due to the formation of anglesite (PbSO4). Using the seven-step extraction technique developed by Dold (J. Geochem. Explor., 2003, 80: 55-68), galena dissolves in significant amount at step 2 most probably due to the strong complexing of Pb2+ by acetate, while other metal sulfides dissolve at step 6, which suggest that this extraction technique could not be used to evaluate the mobility of lead in natural environment

重金属含量均低于新鲜尾矿，但以硬化层中的含量最高(Pb、Zn含量分别为0.47%和0.93%)，往下大幅度降低，表明尾矿风化过程中形成的次生矿物对Pb、Zn等重金属元素有较强的固定作用，而次氧化带的淋溶作用造成了金属元素的大量流失；(4)与新鲜尾矿相比，硬化层中铅的可迁移性大大降低，硬化层之下尾矿样品中铅的可迁移性也不同程度降低，这是由于硫化物氧化产生的硫酸根与尾矿中的铅反应形成铅矾(PbSO_4)的缘故；(5)氧化作用使尾矿中的zn、Cu等重金属的可迁移性不同程度地增大，其中对锌的可迁移性影响最大，铜的可迁移性与铁比较相似，铅则容易与硫化物氧化形成的SO_4~(2-)反应形成铅矾(PbSO_4)；(6)为了减少尾矿污染和修复矿山环境，人们提出了各种不同的尾矿覆盖方案，本文的研究结果表明，这些方法不一定能够有效地阻滞污染元素的迁移。

First, select four kinds of main risks source from bigly celebrate the main risk in region source, namely the flood, drought, sand-dust weather and petroleum pollution accident, etc. According to the different a request for to habitat, study this 19 kinds of landscapes ecosystem type of the Regional induce for 7 kinds of ecosystems system: Then the marsh of bulrush, lakes and reservoirs , salt alkali wasteland, prairie, island form wood, farmland, town. The difference is proceeded by characteristic according to each type ecosystem to the analysis of four kinds of main risks source, including the certain risk all rate, delimiting the space distribute, analyzing the risk strength to the receptor etc. At proceed the revelation the different from endanger to analyze the inside, this text borrows ecosystem index number that this index sign to reflect primarily habitat the ecosystem meaning of the type of habitat the different from position, with weak an index number to show the destructibility of the habitat, from but compute each ecosystem that is lost by ecosystem system an index number.

首先，从大庆地区主要的风险源中遴选出四种主要的风险源，即洪涝、干旱、沙尘天气和石油污染等；依据不同生物类群对生境的要求，将本研究区域的19种景观生态类型归纳为7种生态系统：即芦苇沼泽、湖泡库渠、盐碱荒地、草甸草原、岛状林、农田、城镇；对四种主要风险源的进行分析，包括确定风险概率，划定空间分布，对风险受体的作用强度分析等；在进行暴露和危害分析中，本文主要借生态指数这一指标来反映不同生境类型的生态意义和地位，以脆弱度指数来体现不同生境的易损性，从而计算出各受体生态系统的生态损失度指数；由于各主要风险物质对风险受体的作用强度是不同的，对形成区域性生态风险的作用大小也有差异，因此本文采用层次分析法对主要生态风险物质进行综合评价，并把判断矩阵排序权值的合理计算问题归为—非线性化问题，并提出用基于遗传算法(GA[5])的层次分析模型进行权重分析；进行风险表征，即综合前面两个阶段的信息，对环境中风险的性质和强度以及风险评价过程中不确定性问题进行分析与描述，并划分出五级生态风险区；最后，根据划分的五级生态风险区的特征，分别提出针对各生态风险区的生态风险管理对策。

Every big site can accept a lot of articles everyday, this also needs us to notice to observe the rate that they replace to the website and frequency, what when update is fast, what when update is slow, observe according to me, very much now stationmaster kind standing in 5 days of weekly weekday is to update the fastest, and mix to Saturday weekday is slow, some stations are to be updated scarcely even, this also is I am pushing a forum to be experienced in personally, the website that pushs a forum at ordinary times diagnoses a column to everyday friend of a lot of stationmaster comes here to send diagnostic message, let us give the issue that seeks a website to encounter, can arrive double cease day, relatively a lot of less, sit easily in front of computer everyday a lot of disease come, probably everybody takes the advantage of this playday to go out to take exercise take exercise.

每个大的站点每天都能接受到很多的文章，这也需要我们去注意观察他们对网站更新的速度和频率，什么时候更新的快，什么时候更新的慢，据我观察，现在很多站长类的站在每周的五天工作日是更新最快的，而一到周六和周日就慢了，有些站甚至是几乎不更新，这也是我在推一把论坛里的亲身感受，平时推一把论坛的网站诊断栏目每天都有很多站长朋友来这里发诊断信息，让我们给找网站遇到的问题，可一到双休日，就相对少很多了，每天在电脑前面容易坐出很多病来，或许大家都趁这个休息日出去锻炼锻炼。

On Fair of this network business, shenzhen city Yong Mingyang hardware Hu Guangyan of controller of business of plastic products limited company thinks, from the net that clean out treasure this kind of retail channel can see at present the development trend of each industry, all sorts of industries gather can have first-rate complementary effect, for the collaboration of the enterprise development provided platform again, export suffocate suffocate currently, face home market, this kind of retail channel can have the effect of lapidation ask the way again, can judge the demand that gives the market.

在此次网商交易会上，深圳市永铭阳五金塑胶制品有限公司业务负责人胡光炎认为，从淘宝网这种零售渠道可以看出目前各行业的发展趋势，各种行业聚在一起可以起到非常好的互补作用，为企业的合作发展又提供了一个的平台，当前出口受阻，面对国内市场，这种零售渠道又能起到投石问路的效果，可以判断出市场的需求。【以下内容为IT者网站提供英文翻译，未经授权请勿转载

This thesis firstly elaborates on researches at home and abroad on factors affecting the development of the construction industry, defines the contents of the construction industry, introduces its function and expounds the impact mechanism of various factors affecting the construction industry. Secondly, this thesis carries on a brief analysis on the current situation of development in Anhui construction industry to reflect its achievements and shortage since the beginning of reform and opening up, and makes a comparative analysis and comprehensive evaluation on the regional development level of Anhui construction industry through the method of Factor Analysis. Thirdly, this thesis tries to calculate the contribution rate of technical progress, labor and capital in economic growth of Anhui construction industry with the method of linear regression, empirically analyze the external factors affecting the development of Anhui construction industry by means of co-integration and granger causality test, and predict the development of Anhui construction industry by using the method of principal components regression.

本文首先对国内外有关建筑业发展影响因素的研究现状进行详细论述，界定建筑业的内涵和介绍建筑业的作用，研究各因素对建筑业发展的影响机理；其次，对安徽建筑业发展现状作了概括性的分析，以反映改革开放以来安徽建筑业取得的成绩和存在的不足，并运用因子分析法对安徽建筑业区域发展水平作了比较分析和综合评价；再次，运用线性回归法测算出安徽建筑业经济增长中的技术进步贡献率、劳动贡献率和资本贡献率，然后运用协整和Granger因果检验方法实证分析安徽建筑业发展的外部影响因素，运用主成分回归方法对安徽建筑业发展作了精度较高的预测。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Rresults from those studies can be summariazed as follow:(1) A preliminary study no correlationship between the UV-VIS reflection spectrum of tomato fruit surface and the lycopene amount of tomato fruit was undertaken. Based on observation from this study, a damage-free and in-situ detection technique of lycopene amount from tomato was developed with UV-VIS reflection spectroscopy;(2) The geometrical isomers of lycopene were separated successfully on C30-HPLC-PDA-ELSD. The absorption coefficients of Z-isomers were consequently dedermined. The geometrical isomer composition of lycopene could therefore be assessed. Those efforts formed a solid base to identify the natural product from synthetic compound of lycopene;(3) Lycopene resource from the fruit of Autumn oliver was proved to be available for industrial application. An extraction methos of lycopene from the fruit of Autumn oliver by supercritical carbon dioxide was developed at laboratory scale;(4) A method to extract lycopene by supercritical liquid with improved efficiency was developed; Data from this investigation suggested that a proper raw material pre-extraction process was important for a better extraction efficiency;(5) Variation in the geometrical isomer composition of lycopene during its metabolish in rat was assessed. A large amount of Z-isomers were observed. This variation took place in serum;(6) The absorption rate and accumulation in serum of natural lycopene in rat were assessed;(7) Ability to quench singlet oxygen by different geometrical isomers of lycopene was compared;(8) It was detected that whether natural lycopene had functions to regule blood-lipids and LDL antioxidation;(9) A C31 degradation piece of lycopene was found in the prostate gland of rat.

研究结果包括：[1]应用UV-VIS反射光谱法建立了番茄果实中番茄红素含量的无损伤、现场检测技术；[2]应用C30-HPLC-PDA-ELSD技术实现了对番茄红素几何异构体的分离，测定了不同顺式异构体的吸光系数，建立了天然番茄红素几何异构体组成的检测方法，为区分和鉴定人工合成品和天然产物奠定了基础；[3]证实了秋橄榄果实中的番茄红素资源具有工业开发价值，并建立了超临界CO_2萃取的实验室方法；[4]探索了提高番茄红素超临界流体萃取效率的方法，证明了物料前处理对提高萃取效率起了极其重要的作用；[5]观察了番茄红素在大鼠体内几何异构体组成的变化情况，发现了大量顺式异构体的存在，并证实了几何异构体组成在血清中发生了显著变化；[6]测定了天然番茄红素在大鼠体内的吸收率和在大鼠血清中的动态积累规律；[7]比较了不同番茄红素几何异构体淬灭单线态氧的能力；[8]检测了天然番茄红素是否具有调节血脂作用和抗低密度脂蛋白氧化的功能；[9]首次发现大鼠前列腺内存在番茄红素C31降解片段，并证实其仍具有淬灭单线态氧的能力。

The purpose of this study is to explore the subjective difficulty of clinical preceptors in student teaching and the variants of different backgrounds that might influence the subjective difficulty of clinical preceptor in student teaching. This study is a quantification study carried out by questionnaires. Research subjects of this study are care workers in two regional teaching hospitals and three medical centers in Taipei who acted as clinical preceptor responsible for at least one student nurse within recent six months. The effective response rate of questionnaire was 93.08%(out of 130 questionnaires in total).

本研究目的是探讨临床辅导员自觉的教学困难，并探讨不同背景变项会影响临床辅导员的教学困难的情形，本研究为量性研究，以问卷调查为方法，以台北县市二家区域教学医院及三家医学中心，近半年内临床工作期间担任一位以上专科层级护生实习之临床辅导员的护理人员为研究对象进行方便取样，根据自拟临床辅导员自觉教学困难问卷为研究工具，发出样本为130份，实际回收样本为123份，有效问卷回收率为93.08%。

Perilya enjoyed a much-improved performance at Broken Hill in 2008 Q1, although this did notresult in overly strong zinc production. At 454,500t, mill throughput was at its highest rate since

澳大利亚Perilya公司的Broken在2008年第一季度表现大大改善，但是其锌产量还不够强。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。