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These include reviewing lessons learned from previous projects, carrying out a risk brainstorming session, using an industry specific prompt list showing likely areas of risk or creating a risk breakdown structure. The latter is a hierarchical diagram like an organisation chart.

这包括了回顾之前项目中的经验教训，进行一次风险头脑风暴，使用一个行业通用的提示列表显示风险的可能区域和创建一个风险分解结构，风险分解结构就是类似一个组织架构的分级图表。

And the project risk can be classified into inner risk and outer risk by the point of view of every involved party in BOT project.

经研究，找出了BOT项目存在的风险种类及来源，然后又从项目各参与方角度对这些风险进一步总结，分别归入外部风险和内部风险两大类，为进一步研究BOT项目风险奠定基础。

Therefore, based on the causes and prevention of financial risk, and reduce the probability of occurrence of a risk and reduce risk loss and increase the economic efficiency of enterprises development, it has very important meaning.

因此，本文对财务风险的成因及其防范进行研究，从而达到降低风险发生的概率、减小风险损失、提高经济效益的目的，这对企业发展具有十分重要的意义。

Part Four.The main conclusion and some contents need to discuss in the near future. This article has the system construction of the risk of the factor the company may face to and analyzed the reasons of risk completely;then have some measures for them. Analyzing the reasons of these risks theoretically, and put forward to guard against these risks;End, this text analyzed the risk of the bank when they develope the international factoring combining with the Chinese situation and the writer rasied the solutions.

四、主要结论和有待继续研究之处本文对于学界鲜有系统论述的保理商的风险问题进行了比较完整的体系建构；全面系统的论述了保理商在从事国际保理业务时可能面临的风险；从理论上分析了产生这些风险的原因，并相对于这些风险提出了比较完备的防范措施；最后，结合中国国情来说明我国银行在开展国际保理业务所面临的障碍，并针对这些障碍提出了相应的应对措施。

At our country, for long time the risk management of commercial bank lay particular emphasis on in the control and the after the event in the business of risk remediable, usually neglected risk to manage in advance.

在我国，长期以来商业银行的风险管理侧重于风险的事中控制和事后补救，往往忽视了风险的事先管理。

In author's opinion, in theory and practice, the risk management through capital allocation for commercial banks both at home and abroad at present does not clearly define risk prevention functions of reserve for bad loans, capital adequacy ratio and deposit insurance system and does not use clear and quantitative theory model to guide the recognition of reserve for bad debts, capital adequacy and deposit premium ratio, especially without reasonable basis and model to support the management of 8% capital adequacy ratio for commercial banks by analysis of current condition of risk management for commercial banks both at home and abroad.

上述分析表明，目前国内外商业银行在资本配置风险管理中没有清晰地界定呆帐准备金、资本充足率和存款保险制度的风险防范功能，没有用清晰的、定量的理论模型来指导呆帐准备金、资本充足率、存款保险费率的确定，特别是商业银行8％的资本充足率管理没有理论依据和模型支持。

It puts forward freshly three aspects on the base,precondition and circumstance of risk prevention ,especiallyresearches for the risk foundations-"transition period" and hinese characteristic marketeconomy .It brings out five entries to risk prevention:retortion of the direction of macroscopically adjustment,market financing,system innovation ,the decentralization andrecombination of the state property right ,reformation of organizational system in the state commercial bank and the establishment of inspiritment -obligation system .

第四章是全文的创新和结论部分，通过对风险防范的基础、前提条件和环境三方面的创新论述，特别是对"转轨时期"和"中国特色的市场经济"两个风险基础的研究，提出了风险防范的五个切入点：扭转宏观调控方向、市场触资制度创新、国有产权的分散重组、改革国有商业银行组织制度和激励——约束机制的建立。

Based on risk theory , psychology, management, we suggest the strategy of human resource risk management from the point of risk management.

4采用风险理论、心理学、管理学、组织领导学，从风险管理的角度，提出了人力资源风险管理策略。

Five ways on comparing covariance matrix are applied to the Shanghai 50 Indexes Stock Exchange, which are sample covariance matrix, scalar matrix, two-parameter covariance matrix, single index matrix, constant correlation matrix. We adopt principal components method and Markowitz portfolio method to measure stock market risk using VaR, getting the effect of measuring market risk. The result shows that sample covariance matrix and two-parameter covariance matrix could measure market risk more effectively.

本文以上证50指数数据为样本，采用样本协方差矩阵、数量矩阵、两参数模型矩阵、单指数模型矩阵、常量相关矩阵作为与股票相关的协方差矩阵，结合投资策略选择的主成分方法和Markowitz最优投资组合方法，计算VaR以度量市场风险，并比较了五种协方差矩阵度量市场风险的效果，结果表明，在主成分方法中，样本协方差矩阵和两参数矩阵方法能有效的度量市场风险。

Then, through building the model of the scatteration of the gathered underwrite risk and portfolio risk, the function of scattering risk of going on the market is further expoun.

本文围绕着这两大风险从我国保险公司的现状和承保风险集聚的理论方面分析保险公司上市的必要性和可能性，然后，通过建立承保集聚风险分散和组合投资风险分散的模型，进一步从理论上阐明上市分散风险的功能，最终得出上市是发展我国保险事业的有效途径的结论。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48