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The research work presented in this dissertation focused on developing the scheme and techniques of OPCPA. This dissertation gives the results of the theoretical and experimental investigation on OPCPA scheme. The validation of OPCPA at high energy level was demonstrated successfully. And some important results were achieved. Several key techniques related to developing table-top ultra-intense and ultra-short OPCPA laser system were put forward, for example, the generation of femtosecond seeding pulses, the precisely temporal synchronization of the pump and signal pulses, the pulse stretching and recompression, the OPCPA process with high energy conversion efficiency and etc. Based on the integration of these key techniques, a 1.46-TW/153-fs OPCPA table-top ultra-intense and ultra-high laser system has been developed, which, to the best of our knowledge, has generated laser pulses with the shortest pulse duration and the highest peak power among the joule level OPCPA systems in the world.

本学位论文工作主要是瞄准 OPCPA 这一国际上提出不久并处于初级阶段的新概念，重点开展了 OPCPA 新原理的理论模拟、实验验证，以及基于 OPCPA 新原理的小型化超强超短激光系统的研究与发展，创造性地解决关键科学技术问题，建立并发展相关关键科学技术，如超短脉冲种子源的产生、小型化强激光泵浦源的研制及其脉冲的整形、信号光与泵浦光的精确同步、高效率光学参量放大及高保真脉冲展宽与压缩等关键技术，并在单元技术的总体集成方面取得了重大创新性进展与突破性研究成果，获得了国际上高量级泵浦条件下 OPCPA 激光研究中峰值输出功率最高且脉冲宽度最短的总体领先结果。

The current density peak of brass welded line appeared at -0.012 V, and a porous corrosion film was formed. The electrode was passivated subsequently. The passivation film was made up of Cu2O, CuCl and ZnO. The passivation film dissolved with electrode potential, and displacement deposition took place between Cu and Zn. The copper redeposition on the electrode surface induced the increase of electrode activity and corrosion rate.

黄铜焊缝在电位-0.012V时出现电流峰，腐蚀产物膜多孔、疏松，随后电极进入钝化区，钝化膜由Cu2O、CuCl和ZnO组成；随电位升高，钝化膜溶解，发生铜锌置换反应，沉积的Cu导致活性电对的形成，增加了合金的腐蚀速度；当电位为+0.87V时，电极表面富集了针状锡和锡的氧化物。

Results suggest that with the succession of the growing stages, the microbes in total showed a regular curve, reaching a peak at the heading stage.

结果表明，随着生育时期的推进，微生物数量呈现规律性的变化，其中微生物总量在抽穗期达最大。

At the same time the different ultrasound period could make the activity peak of SOD and CAT retardate three days, but the ultrasound induction effect on POD and CAT were controlled and not clearly.

说明超声处理刺激细胞产生了防御应答反应，诱导了相关的自由基清除酶类，如SOD酶的活性。

If a surface tram is designed with exclusive tracks it will, of course, occupy a part of the roads, creating a crowding-out effect for the use of automobiles. It could also highlight the relative competitiveness of different meansof transport: During traffic peak hours riding on a light track tram that runs on an exclusive track will be still smooth, while when driving a car yourself I'm afraid you won't be able to avoid getting stuck in traffic. By using public transport you can spare yourself the trouble of looking for a parkingspace. When driving yourself you do not only face the inconvenience of parking, but at the same time also the fact that the direct and indirect costs are high. Taking public transport allows you to rebuild your energy, while driving yourself forces you to pay undivided attention…These comparativestrengths, resulting from reallocation through government intervention, can achieve the ultimate goal of encouraging public transport and containing private transport.

地面电车如果设计成专用轨道，当然会占据一部份的道路，对小汽车的使用造成排挤效果，也会呈现出不同交通方式的竞争比对：交通尖峰时段搭乘专用车道轻轨电车依然顺畅，自己开车恐怕就不可避免塞在路上；使用公共运输可免找寻停车位之苦，自己开车不但停车不便，同时间接与直接金钱成本都不低；搭乘公共运输可以养精蓄锐，自己开车就得全神灌注…；这些因为公权力介入重分配所造成的比较优势，可以达到鼓励公共运输、抑制私人交通的终极目的。

Located in Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, it is a major attraction in the park, especially in late spring when the water flow is at its peak.

位于约塞米蒂国家公园，内华达山脉的加利福尼亚州，这是一项重大的公园景点，特别是在晚春时，水流量是其高峰期。

Results In the pyramidal neurons voltage-clamped at -60 mV, GABA evoked a transmembrane inward current and the peak amplitude of the current increased sigmoidally with increasing doses of GABA applied. Co-application of lidocaine resulted in a decline of IGABA and the IGABA was 4.05mmol/L.10mmol/L lidocaine resulted in right shift of concentration-response curve arid not only EC50 changing from 7.72mmol/L to 17.2mmol/L but also the maximal current unable to reach the top level.

结果 将钳制电位固定在－60mV，GABA以剂量依赖性方式诱导出内向电流；利多卡因明显抑制GABA诱导的Cl电流I(下标 GABA，50%抑制浓度(IC50)为4.05mmol/L，10mm/L可使GABA浓度效应曲线明显右移，50%有效浓度(EQ50)由7.72mmol/L增加到17.2mmol/L，且最大电流明显降低。

The oxidation of diethyl stilbestrol was dependent on adsorption controlling process at MWNT /graphit modified electrode. The transmitted electron number, 2, was calculated by LAVIRON formula. By the linear relationship of peak potential and pH, it can be inferred that the transmitted number of electron and proton were equal.

己烯雌酚在MWNT/石墨修饰电极上的氧化过程靠吸附控制；由峰电位Ep与溶液pH存在的线性关系求出参与电极反应的质子数与电子数相等，由LAVIRON公式求解出参与电极反应的电子数为2。

At its peak, the sultanate covered the entire island of Mindanao , and ruled over the smaller neighboring islands near and around Mindanao.

在高峰期，阿曼苏丹涵盖整个棉兰老岛，并裁定超过较小附近岛屿附近靠近棉兰老岛。

When mixed into the same carbon fiber quantity is 1.0%, differ age material's AC impedance chart is discrepancy very much, along with to hydrate age's add, C-S-H gel isa great deal of form, the solution resistance at the concrete is gradually aggrandizement, the carbon fibre of here qua transmit electricity quality disperse would leading effect of conductance, along with the add of exterior load, the transmit electricity quality of concrete is almost nothing change, till breakage, resistance change rate tempestuousness add, and that the resistance change rate along with inside stress linearity add of corbon fibre concrete in elasticity phase, when near peak value load, resistance rate just gradually add, indicate the test sample would be about to breakage.

当碳纤维体积掺量同为1.0%时，不同龄期材料的交流阻抗谱相差很大，随着水化龄期的增长，C-S-H凝胶大量形成，水泥基材料中的溶液电阻逐渐增大，此时作为导电性分散相的碳纤维将起电导的主导作用。随着外部荷载的增加，基准水泥基材料的导电性几乎无变化，直到破坏时，电阻变化率剧烈增大，而碳纤维水泥基材料在弹性阶段其电阻变化率随内部应力线性增加，当接近峰值荷载时，电阻率才逐渐增大，预示试件即将破坏。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。